ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГОРОДА МОСКВЫ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГОРОДА МОСКВЫ
КОЛЛЕДЖ СВЯЗИ № 54
Вопросы к зачету
по дисциплине иностранный язык (английский)
для третьего курса групп ССК 9-3, ССК 9-4, ССПО 9-1, ССД 9-1
по специальностям:
210723 «Сети связи и системы коммутации»
210723 «Средства связи с подвижными объектами»
220707 «Системы и средства диспетчерского управления»
за 2013-2014 учебный год.
Москва
2014
Пояснительная записка
к материалам для зачета по дисциплине «Иностранный язык».
Вопросы к зачету по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) предназначены для студентов третьего курса в учреждениях среднего профессионального образования для специальностей технического профиля
210723 «Сети связи и системы коммутации»,210723 «Средства связи с подвижными объектами»,220707 «Системы и средства диспетчерского управления».
Тематические вопросы составлены на основе примерной программы по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) для специальностей СПО и соответствует требованиям к уровню владения обязательным минимумом по английскому языку за третий курс.
Тематический и грамматический аспекты зачета охватывают весь изученный студентами за год материал.
Основной целью проведения зачета является подведение итогов усвоения учебного материала по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» за третий год обучения; проверка теоретических знаний, а также контроль навыков устной монологической речи обучающихся.
Структура зачета состоит из двух частей, одна из которых предполагает устное высказывание по одной из предложенных тем из 15-20 фраз, вторая-ответ по теории грамматики английского языка.
Данный материал адресован преподавателям иностранного языка.
Вопросы.
Инженерное дело. Артикли.
Джордж Стефенсон. Роберт Стефенсон. Множественное число существительных.
Джеймс Ватт. Джеймс Прескотт Джоуль. Оборот there is/are.
Известные русские ученые. Ломоносов Михаил Васильевич. Типы вопросов.
Известные русские ученые. Менделеев Дмитрий Иванович. Числительные.
Реакция материалов на внешние силы. Грамматические времена простой группы.
Композитные материалы. Безличные и неопределенно-личные предложения.
Свойства материалов. Модальные глаголы.
Металлы. Свойства металлов. Обработка стали. Грамматические времена длительной группы.
Технологические процессы. Согласование времен. Косвенная речь.
Сварка. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
Виды сварки. Грамматические времена завершенной группы.
Штампы. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот.
Станки. Сложное дополнение.
Автоматизация. Виды автоматизации. Страдательный залог.
Роботы в промышленности. Римские числа. Условные предложения.
Компьютер. Программное обеспечение. Неопределённые местоимения.
Интернет. Герундий.
1. Engineering.
Engineering is a science that deals with design, construction, and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices.
Engineer is a person who has received technical education and has a basic knowledge of other engineering fields.
Most engineering problems are complex and interrelated.
The term engineering is difficult to translate into Russian because it has a lot of meanings. Most often it is translated as: инженерное дело, техника, машиностроение, строительство.
There exist the following main branches of engineering.
Civil engineering deals with design of large buildings, roads, bridges, dams, canals, railway lines, airports, tunnels, and other constructions.
Mechanical engineering deals with machinery of all types.
Electrical and electronic engineering is concerned with systems and devices that use electric power and signals.
Power and machinery engineers design and operate systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electric power.
Electronic engineering deals with the research, design and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information.
Communications and control engineers work on control systems and communication systems that are used widely in aircrafts and ships, in power transmission and distribution, in automated manufacturing and robotics.
Computer engineers design and manufacture memory systems, central processing units and peripheral devices.
Aeronautic deals with the whole field of design, manufacture, maintenance, testing, and use of aircraft for both civil and military purposes.
Naval Architects are engineers who design and supervise construction of ships.
Chemical engineering is concerned with the design, construction, and management of factories in which the essential possesses consists of chemical reactions.
Nuclear engineering is concerned with the design and construction of nuclear reactors.
Safety engineering has as its objects the prevention of accidents.
Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people.
For example, they determine how machines can be operated most efficiently by workers.
This is called ergonomics.
2. George Stephenson. Robert Stephenson.
George Stephenson was a British inventor and engineer.
He is famous for building the first practical railway locomotive.
Stephenson was born in 1781 in England.
During his youth he worked as a fireman and later as an engineer in the coal mines of Newcastle.
He invented one of the first miner’s safety lamps independently of the British inventor Humphrey Davy.
Stephenson’s early locomotives were used to carry loads in coal mines, and in 1823 he established a factory at Newcastle for their manufacture.
In 1829 he designed a locomotive known as the Rocket which could carry both loads and passengers at a greater speed than any locomotive constructed at that time.
The success of the Rocket was the beginning of the construction of locomotives and the laying of railway lines.
Robert Stephenson, the son of George Stephenson was a British civil engineer.
He is mostly well-Known for the construction of several notable bridges.
He was born in 1803.
He was educated in New Castle and in the University of Edinburgh.
In 1829 he assisted his father in constructing a locomotive known as the Rocket, and four years later he was appointed construction engineer of the Birmingham and London Railway, completed in 1838.
Stephenson built several famous bridges, including the Victoria Bridge in England, the Britannia Bridge in Wales, two bridges across the Nile in Egypt and the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, Canada.
3. James Watt. James Prescott Joule.
James Prescott Joule, famous British physicist was born in 1818 in England.
He is best known for his research in electricity and thermodynamics.
In the course of his investigations of the heat emitted in the electrical circuit, he formulated the law now known as Joule’s law of electric heating.
This law states that the amount of heat produced each second in a conductor by an electric current is proportional to the resistance of the conductor and to the square of the current.
Joule experimentally verified the law of conservation of energy in his study of the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy.
Joule determined the numerical relation between heat and mechanical energy.
The unit of energy called the Joule is named after him. It is equal to 1 watt-second.
Together with the physicist William Thomson Joule found that the temperature of a gas falls when it expands without doing any work.
This phenomenon, which became known as the Joule Thomson effect, lies in the operation of modern refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
James Watt, a famous inventor and mechanical engineer, was born on January19, 1736, in Scotland.
He worked as a mathematical -instrument maker from the age of 19 and soon became interested in improving the steam engine, which was used at that time to pump out water from mines.
Watt is known for his improvements of the steam engine.
He determined his properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature and pressure, and designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented large losses of steam in the cylinder.
For this device and other improvements on steam engine Watt received his first patent in 1769.
Watt continued his research and patented rotary engine for driving various types of machinery; the double action engine.
He retired from the firm manufacturing steam engines in 1800 and devoted himself entirely to research work.
In 1788 Watt invented the centrifugal or flyball governor, which automatically regulated the speed of an engine.
The watt, the unit of power, was named in his honor.
4. M.V. Lomonosov.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a famous Russian writer, chemist and astronomer who made a lot in literature and science.
Lomonosov was born on November 19, 1711, in Denisovka (now Lomonosov), near Archangelsk.
He studied at the University of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
After studying in Germany Lomonosov returned to St Petersburg in 1745 to teach chemistry.
Four years later he built a teaching and research laboratory there.
Lomonosov is often called the founder of Russian science.
He was an innovator in many fields.
As a scientist he rejected the phlogiston theory of matter.
The theory was commonly accepted at the time.
He also anticipated the kinetic theory of gases.
He regarded heat as a form of motion, suggested the wave theory of light, and stated the idea of conservation of matter.
Lomonosov was the first person to record the freezing of mercury and to observe the atmosphere of Venus.
He was interested in the development of Russian education.
Lomonosov helped to found Moscow State University in 1755.
In the same year he wrote a grammar that reformed the Russian literary language (he combined old Slavonic with modern language).
In 1760 he published the first history of Russia.
He also revived the art of the Russian mosaic and built a mosaic and coloured-glass factory.
Most of his achievements, however, were unknown outside Russia.
He died in St. Petersburg on April 15, 1765.
5. D.I. Mendeleev.
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev is a famous Russian chemist.
He is best known for his development of the periodic table of the properties of the chemical elements.
This table displays that element’s properties are changed periodically when they are arranged according to the atomic weight.
Mendeleev was born 1in 1834 in Tobolsk, Siberia.
He studied chemistry in the University of St Petersburg.
In 1859 he was sent to study in Germany.
Mendeleev returned to St. Petersburg and became professor of chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg in 1866.
Mendeleev was a well-known teacher.
He wrote the two-volume “Principle of Chemistry” which became a classic textbook in chemistry.
In this book he tried to classify the elements according to their classical properties.
In 1869 he published his first version of his periodic table of elements.
In 1871 he published an improved version of the periodic table.
In this table he left gaps for elements that were not known at that time.
His tale and theories were proved later when three predicted elements were discovered (gallium, germanium, and scandium).
Mendeleev investigated the chemical theory of solution.
He also investigated the thermal expansion of liquids and the nature of petroleum.
In 1893 he became director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg and held this position until his death in 1907.
6. How Materials React to Еxternal Forces.
Engineers must know how materials respond to external forces such as tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear.
All materials respond to these forces by elastic deformation.
That is the materials return their original size and form when the external force disappears.
The materials can also have permanent deformation or they may fracture.
The results of external forces are creep and fatigue.
Compression is a pressure causing a decrease in volume.
When a material is subjected to a bending, shearing or torsion (twisting) force and both tensile and compressive forcec are sumaltenuously at work.
When a metal bar is bent, one side of it is stretched and subjected to a tensional force.
Tension is a pulling force; for example, the force in a cable holding a weight.
Under tension the material usually stretches, returning to its original length if the force doesn’t exceed the material elastic limit.
Under larger tensions, the material doesn’t return completely to its original condition, and under greater forces the material ruptures.
Fatigue is the growth of cracks under stress.
No deformation is seen during fatigue, but small localized cracks develop and propagate through the material until the remaining cross-sectional area cannot support the maximum stress of the cyclic force.
Knowledge of tensile stress, elastic limits, and the resistance of materials to creeps an fatigue are of basic importance in engineering.
Creep is a slow permanent deformation that results from steady force acting on a material.
Materials at high temperatures usually suffer from deformation.
The gradual loosening of bolts and the deformation of components of machines and engines are all the examples of creep.
Creep extended over a long time leads to the rupture of the material.
7. Composite Materials.
The combination of two or more different materials are called composite materials.
They usually have unique mechanical and physical properties because they combine the best properties of different materials.
Nowadays composites are being used for structures such as bridges, boat-building etc.
Composite materials usually consist of synthetic fibres within a matrix, a material that surrounds and is tightly bound to the fibres.
The most widely used type of composite material is polymer matrix composites (PMCs).
They consist of fires made of ceramic materials such as carbon or glass imbedded in a plastic matrix.
Usually the fibres make up about 60 per cent by volume.
Continuous –fibre composites are generally required for structural applications.
They have specific strength and specific stiffness that are better than that of metal alloys.
Composites can also have other attractive properties such as high thermal or electrical conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Composite materials also have some disadvantages.
For example, they tend to be highly anisotropic-that is their strength, stiffness and other engineering properties are different depending on the orientation of the composite material.
The designer who uses composite materials in structures subjected to multidirectional forces must take these anisotropic properties into account.
Also, forming strong connections between separate composite material components is difficult.
The advanced composites have high manufacturing costs.
Fabricating composite materials is a complex process.
However, new manufacturing techniques are developed.
It will become possible to produce composite materials at higher volumes and at a lower cost than is now possible.
It will accelerate the wider exploitation of these materials.
|
