Методические рекомендации по практическим занятиям огсэ. 03 Иностранный язык (Английский)
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| Тема 2.2 Спорт и здоровый образ жизни. 1.Read the text №1 and check your comprehension. Text 1. «SPORTS AND GAMES» It goes without saying that one of the most important tasks today is to bring up a healthy generation. That's why most governments pay special attention to sport and physical education. All schoolchildren have at least two Physical Training lessons a week. Most schools have well - equipped gyms, swimming pools and tennis courts, where pupils can develop physically and get all the necessary skills and habits. It is known that most pupils are interested in sport or take part in a sporting activities. Many of these activities are organized through school or through youth clubs. Every school, college or university have sport teams and groups. Large sports and leisure centers have excellent facilities for sport and fitness. Though some of them are not free of charge, and people have to pay, children and grown — ups attend them willingly. Nowadays almost all people are fond of some sport, because it helps them to keep fit and because they enjoy it. There are summer and winter kinds of sports, indoor and outdoor sports. The most popular outdoor winter sports are: shooting, hunting, skating, skiing, hockey, free style. Some people enjoy figure - skating, ski - jumping nd tobogganing. In summer people have excellent opportunities for swimming, rowing, track-and field athletics, mountain climbing and others. You can go in for gymnastics, boxing, weight-lifting, wrestling, play volleyball, basketball, handball and tennis in a gym all year round. Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table-tennis, draughts and, of course, chess. The results of chess tournaments are studied and discussed by thousands of people in different countries. Sports are very much the same in most countries, but some sports are more popular than others in a certain country. Golf, cricket and soccer are popular in England. Basketball and rugby football are popular in America. 1.What is one of the most important tasks in any country? 2. What do most schools have for physical development of pupils? 3. What do leisure centers have for sport fitness? Are they free? 4. What are the most popular winter sports? 5. What sports do people go in for in summer? 6. What kinds of sports are popular in England/ 7. What are specific American sports? Text 2. «Healthy Way of Life» 1. Practice the following words from the text: health -conscious –заботящийся о своем здоровье to avoid - избегать to affect - влиять it's common knowledge - общеизвестно to cause - вызывать, быть причиной healthy - здоровый pneumonia - пневмония lung disease -болезнь легких heart disease- болезнь сердца skin - кожа fortunately - к счастью to ban - запрещать to do harm –причинять вред overeating - переедание obesity -полнота, ожирение to lead - вести, приводить tasty - вкусный fast food - еда быстрого приготовления fat - тучный,полный to believe - считать,полагать cause - причина fibre - клетчатка energy value - энергетическая ценность to gain weight – набирать вес dangerous - опасный to reduce - уменьшать to consume - потреблять, съедать moderate - умеренный benefit - выгода,польза to take care of - заботиться to promote - поддерживать,укреплять to put down - сокращать(потребление) to cut down – снижать потребление 2. Read the text№ 2 and check your comprehension. People nowadays are more health - conscious than they used to be. They understand that good health is above wealth. To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect our health. In my opinion, smoking and drinking too much alcohol are the worst ones. It's common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Smoking, for example, causes a number of heart and lung diseases as pneumonia, cough and cancer. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits such as eating unhealthy food or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as deadly as smoking or drinking alcohol, but they affect our health. If we eat much, we'll become obese, and obesity leads to serious diseases. A lot of people like drinking coca cola and coffee and enjoy pizzaz and hamburgers. But what is tasty is not always healthy. Fast food makes you fat,that is why Americans are the fattest people in the world. In recent years eating habits have undergone a change. People are encouraged to eat less fat and more fibre. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity and heart disease. Salads, beans and fruit have taken place of steak and ice cream. The fashion for healthy food is growing all the time. Many people feel they are too fat, even if their doctors disagree. And a lot of people try to improve their fitness. There are a lot of ways to lose weight and avoid gaining it. Perhaps, the most popular of them is following a diet. If you want to lose weight, you should cut out snacks and desserts and cut down on fat. People have also become more aware of calories, the energy value of food. Some people count the number of calories they eat every day, so that they can try to take fewer calories and lose weight. This is called a calorie-controlled diet. But excessive dieting may be dangerous as well. Some people refuse to eat meat as they consider it harmful. They say a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of cancer and vegetarians live longer than others. I can't with them, because meat is an excellent source of good nutrition. To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is going in for sports. Among the benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction times and less susceptibility to various illnesses. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are burning it all off. To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is useful to go for a walk before going to bed or to air the room. I think it is very important to be fit and healthy, and it is necessary to take care of your health. Being fat, in fact, can cause real problems. It is harder for fat people to get a good job or even to make friends. If you want to do well, you must be thin. That's why I go in for sports on a regular basis. I have been doing aerobics for three years, and I feel great. I'm not enthusiastic about strict dieting, but I try to eat only low-fat food, fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins. Personally I believe that regularity in life promotes our health. Sleeping eight or nine hours, getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports are really a good way to live. 1. What good and bad health habits can people have? 2. In what way do bad habits affect people? 3. Are there any changes in health habits? 4. What is a healthy way of life? 5. What should you do to keep fit? 6. How does sport help you to stay healthy? 7. What are the most popular ways to avoid gaining weight? 8. What is a calorie-controlled diet? 9. What are your healthy habits? 10. What is your personal attitude towards health? 11. Do you have any health problems/ Why do you think you have \don't have them? Тема 2.3 Проблемы современной молодежи. 1. Read the texts and check your comprehension. Text 1.«PROBLEMS OF TEENAGERS» For many people their teenage years are some of the best and worst, the easiest and most difficult years of their lives. They are the years of the change, when young people are between childhood and adulthood. Psychologists say that almost every young person has an experience of conflicts during this period of his life because teenagers are changing quickly. There are a lot of different temptations around us. It's very easy to become dependent on other people, money, too strong habits, especially bad ones. But it's very difficult to be independent. To be independent means to be responsible for your deeds, to be strong and brave, to have one's own opinion- not an opinion of a crowd. One of the most important problems of the young people is the problem of «fathers and sons». Teenagers consider themselves independent, they want to have their own private life. Teenagers don't like when parents try to dictate their will, thrust their opinions or foist their own tastes on them. Very often, trying to help their children, parents choose school, university, job and even friends, husbands or wife to them and dont ask their children if they agree with their decision. That is the reason of numerous quarrels between parents and teenagers. Parents can't or don't want to see a person in their child. Mutual understanding between parents and children crushes, it becomes more and more difficult to find common language. Teenagers in the U.S.A. Move out of their parents' homes, as a rule, after finishing high school. They either go to college and live in dormitories, or find full-time jobs and live in their own apartments. Teenagers have both freedom and responsibility there. In most states they can drive when they are only 16. Many work at part-time jobs after school and on weekends, so they can buy their own cars. Some teenagers face the problem of their free time. Sometimes young people don't get aware of their interests and devote their time to harmful habits or idling about. Drug-habit is the most dangerous one.There are a lot of reasons, as teenagers think, to use drugs. Many of them make attempts to look like cool guys; other just want to use something new and modern. Elder teenagers may also have problems of unemployment. Grown- up people should help teenagers in solving their difficult problems unobtrusively and tactfully. 1.What are the teenage years for many people? 2. What do psychologists say about these years? 3. Is it easy to become dependent on anything? 4. What does to be independent mean? 5. What important problems are there in the life of young people? 6. What are the reasons of quarrels between parents and teenagers? 7. Why is sometimes difficult to find common language between them? 8. Why do American young people like to move out of their parents' homes as soon as they graduate from high school? 9. Why do some young people use drugs? 10 How should grown-up people help teenager in solving their problems? Text 2. «YOUNG PEOPLE — OLD PROBLEMS» A few years ago alcohol, fights, killing and other kinds of violence were more problems for adults than for young people. Nowadays more and more social problems are associated with youngsters. Violent crimes are rising in many countries. There are different explanations for this phenomena. The Government surveys show that every fifth teenager who was arrested for criminal actions, was younger than 14. Almost half of teenagers have an experience with drugs and alcohol under age of 16. To buy drugs teenagers need money, so they try to get it by robbing, committing burglary or even murdering people. Another reason of juvenile criminality is the propaganda of violence by mass media and especially by TV and films. Watching TV people are being fed with all kinds of killing, beatings, gunfights and so on. It's not surprising that juvenile crime record is constantly growing. All these things are often combined with family and college problems. What has gone wrong? Some specialists explain that the changes of our society, the system of our life force young people to choose their own lifestyle. On the one hand, our society agrees that 15-17-year-old people are old enough to be responsible for what they do and give them quite a lot of freedom and rights. On the other hand, most adults think that teenagers are too young to be taken seriously. This misunderstanding produces many problems. Actually, a lot of teenagers say that their parents are quite indifferent to their problems. Many teenagers get upset or depressed when they can't solve their problems. As a result, it makes them believe that there is only one way out — to stop living and commit suicide. No doubt, young people should feel that they are cared for. Adults should help them to ove rcome difficulties. 1. What social problems are associated with young people nowadays? 2. What are the reasons of juvenile criminality? 3. What do the Government surveys show? 4. What are youngsters ready to do to get drugs? 5. Do you agree that people are shown too much violence on TV? 6. Why is juvenile criminality constantly growing? 7. Do you think that 15-year old people are old enough to be responsible for their actions? 8. Are parents really indifferent to teenagers' problems? 9. Why can young people often get depressed? 10. What is the role of adults in solving teenagers' problems. 2. Translate and remember the following words and phrases. Teenage years; different temptations; to be independent; responsible for your deeds; opinion of a crowd; private life; to dictate the will; the reason of numerous quarrels; to agree with decisions; mutual understanding; to find common language; responsibility; full-time job; freedom; to face the problem; harmful habits; to get aware; to use drugs; unemployment; grown-up people; idling about. Violence; violent crimes; to get drugs by robbing; to commit burglary; to murder; on the one hand; on the other hand; misunderstanding; to be cared for; to commit suicide; to get upset; juvenile criminality; to overcome difficulties. 3. Read this dialogue, act it and be ready to express your opinion. A.: Do you think that the main problem between children and parents is misunderstanding, the so called generation gap? B.:I think so. A.: What do you think about its origin? What causes this misunderstanding which makes both sides suffer? B.:I believe the underlying cause is children's unwillingness to obey. A.: I'm afraid my opinion differs from yours. I think the root of the problem is the difference in years. Parents are older, they have got accustomed to caring after kids. They do not see children become older every year. On the other hand, quite often there is some sense in their words, but the problem is the modern young people simply do not behave that way. I think that jeans are the right thing to wear to school and to the Philharmonic. But mommy insists on my wearing black trousers. Do you think there are any other reasons? B.: May it be that parents are too bossy, domineering? A.: I'm sad to say they often are They want children to do this or that just because they have said so. They don't want to explain and prove -they just issue orders, as if they were officers and we were soldiers. Is it correct? B. :I don't suppose it is .Still, sometimes adults know better what is good and what is bad. A. :I'm afraid I don't believe in this. This is just a prejudice. Manny adults did terrible things, like giving children medicines which hadn't been tested properly or infecting children with AIDS. Did they really know what they were doing? B. :Probably not. A. :Then how can they say they know better? I think this is one of the causes of the generation gap. Grown -ups don't think that the young are clever enough. But this is not fair ! Why do adults think that a 15- year old genius is sillier than an average 30-year-old person? B.: Older people have more experience, that's why they can judge. A. :Is it so? The way of life is different from what it was like twenty years ago. The young are open to it, but the generation of our parents isn't. They even can't learn how to send SMSs! Do they have more experience than we have? B .:Yet they know people better because they have contacts with more people than teens. A.: In spite of that they get terrified when we tell them the truth. Many teenagers can't be sincere with their parents because the latter can't stand what children think and believe. Do parents always show readiness to understand and tolerance? B.: Not always, that's true. But do children do it? A.: No, not all of them. So this is the problem, isn't it? B.: To my mind, the problem won't be so serious if both side tried to be tolerant and understanding. I think that parents shouldn't insist on children's doing this or that because they said so. But children as well should listen to what their parents say. A.:I think it could help a lot. 4. Make a project on this theme. |
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