Учебно-методическое пособие Краснодар Кубгау 2016 удк 811. 111: 635. 9(078) ббк 81. 2Англ

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Название	Учебно-методическое пособие Краснодар Кубгау 2016 удк 811. 111: 635. 9(078) ббк 81. 2Англ
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Тип	Учебно-методическое пособие

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Give the Russian equivalents to the following words:

organism, group, traditionally, division, generally, mobile, basis, basic, modern, system, classification, cellulose, energy, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, contain, chloroplast, color, parasitic, produce, normal, characterize, sexual, asexual, reproduction, embryophytes, bryophytes, eukaryotic, compose, synthesize, molecular, ecological system, fruit, millennia, serve, ornaments, medicines, Botany, balance, nature, atmosphere, metabolic, manufacture, products, vital, humans, latex, pigment, petroleum, substance

Translate the following word combinations into Russian:

multicellular plant; multicellular organism; multicellular living thing; multicellular group; scientific study; scientific data; scientific approach; scientific discussion; scientific classification; familiar questions; familiar places; familiar people; familiar plants; domesticated animals; domesticated plants; domesticated birds; precise numbers; precise results; precise definition; precise measurement; essential oils; essential ingredient; essential part; essential element; ultimate questions; ultimate aim; ultimate source; ultimate result

Match the verb and its synonym:

1) divide

2) distinguish

3) move

4) catch

5) create

6) obtain

7) lose

8) determine

9) provide

10) describe

11) give off

12) include

13) call

a) identify

b) establish

c) produce

d) comprise

e) forget

f) classify

g) characterize

h) name

i) release

j) supply

k) capture

l) get

m) go

Match the word and its definition:

1) conifer

2) fern

3) moss

4) alga

5) source

6) cell

7) oxygen

8) species

9) seed

10) fossil

11) shelter

a) very ancient leafy plant that grow in moist areas under forest canopy

b) microscopic unit of living matter enclosing a nucleus with self-producing genes

c) group having some common characteristics able to breed with each other but not with other groups

d) small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food

e) place from which smth comes or is got

f) small spore-bearing land plant

g) part of prehistoric animal or plant once buried in earth

h) smth that gives safety or protection

i) cone-bearing seed plant with vascular tissue

j) chemical element, a gas with no color or smell

k) water plant of very simple structure

Translate into Russian:

one of the two groups; between plants; much later; the basis of the modern system; the kingdoms Vegetabilia and Animalia; cell walls with cellulose; most of their energy; chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts; amounts of chlorophyll; sexual reproduction; multicellular land plants; vascular plants; eukaryotic cells; the great majority; the world's molecular oxygen; the earth's ecological systems; mankind's basic foodstuffs; scientific study; people's lives; wood products

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words:

The "goodbye" party was the ____ celebration of the three-day weekend.
Many non-native ____ are planted in this country for commercial purposes.
The pet store sells cats and dogs, ____ lizards and birds.
The food wasn't good, but ____ it was cheap.
I sent this message ____ E-mail.
____ 200 fruit trees were planted in this garden last year.
Some countries are significant exporters of hard ____.
European countries needed cheap ____ such as coal that developing countries had plenty of.
Should we eat ____ which had been genetically modified using human genes?
The flourish collection by this florist contains handpicked flowers set in ____.
This is the family name and indicates the English ____ of the family.

(nearly, ultimate, foodstuffs, raw materials, origin, conifers, at least, resin, as well as, coal, via)

Read Text A and answer the question:

– Why are green plants important to all living things?
Text A

Plant Kingdom
Plants, also called green plants (Viridiplantae in Latin), are living organisms of the kingdom Plantae which include such multicellular groups as flowering plants, conifers, ferns and mosses, as well as the green algae.

Plants are one of the two groups into which all living things have been traditionally divided; the other is animals. The division goes back at least as far as Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) who distinguished between plants which generally do not move, and animals which often are mobile to catch their food. Much later, when Linnaeus (1707–1778) created the basis of the modern system of scientific classification, these two groups became the kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Plantae) and Animalia.

Green plants have eukaryotic cells with cell walls composed of cellulose and obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts, which gives them their green color. Plants also use water and carbon dioxide to synthesize food.

Some plants are parasitic and have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize. Plants are also characterized by sexual reproduction and an alternation of generations, although asexual reproduction is common.

The plants that are most familiar to us are the multicellular land plants, called embryophytes. Embryophytes include the vascular plants, such as ferns, conifers and flowering plants. They also include the bryophytes, of which mosses are the most common.

Precise numbers are difficult to determine, but as of 2010, there are thought to be 300–315 thousand species of plants, of which the great majority, some 260–290 thousand, are seed plants. Green plants provide most of the world's molecular oxygen and are the basis of most of the earth's ecological systems, especially on land. Plants described as grains, fruits and vegetables form mankind's basic foodstuffs, and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants serve as ornaments and the source of most medicines. Their scientific study is known as Botany.

Plants are essential to the balance of nature and in people's lives. Green plants give off oxygen into the atmosphere. Plants are the ultimate source of food and metabolic energy for nearly all animals, which cannot manufacture their own food. Besides foods, plants products vital to humans include wood and wood products, fibers, oils, latex, pigments, and resins. Coal and petroleum are fossil substances of plant origin. Thus plants provide people with shelter, clothing, medicines, fuels, and the raw materials from which innumerable other products are made.

Choose the correct answer:

Plants include ____.

unicellular groups
multicellular groups

. The division into plants and animals goes back as far as ____.

Darwin
Linnaeus
Aristotle

Green plants obtain most of their energy from ____.

water
sunlight
wind

Some plants are parasitic and have lost the ability to produce ____.

normal amounts of oxygen
normal amounts of carbon dioxide
normal amounts of chlorophyll

Embryophytes include ____.

flowering plants, ferns and conifers
ferns, mosses and conifers
mosses, flowering plants and ferns

There are thought to be some 260–290 thousand of ____.

algae species
seed plants
plants

Plants are essential to the balance of nature and ____.

in people’s life
in animals’ life
all of the above

Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:

а также зеленые водоросли; все живые организмы; чтобы поймать свою еду; современная система научной классификации; клеточные стенки; большая часть энергии; посредством фотосинтеза; хлорофилл, содержащийся в хлоропластах; чтобы синтезировать еду; вегетативная репродукция; самые распространенные; точное количество; трудно определить; тысячелетиями; большинство лекарственных препаратов; в атмосферу; производить свою собственную еду; изделия, жизненно необходимые человеку.

Find in the text and read the sentence in which it is said that…

– Green plants include such groups as flowering plants, conifers, ferns and mosses, as well as the green algae.

– The basis of the modern system of scientific classification was created by Linnaeus in the 18^th century.

– Cell walls of green plants consist of cellulose.

– To synthesize food plants need water and carbon dioxide.

– Some plants are not able to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize.

– Some plants are characterized by asexual reproduction.

– Most familiar to us plants are called embryophytes.

– Green plants are the basis of most of the earth's land ecological systems.

– Plants are very important in people's lives.

Say if it is true or false. Correct the wrong statements:

Plants include several unicellular groups.
Linnaeus was the first who divided all living things into groups.
Green plants include flowering plants, conifers, ferns and mosses.
Green plants are eukaryotic living organisms.
To obtain food plants need only sunlight.
The multicellular land plants are called embryophytes.
Red and brown algae provide most of the world's molecular oxygen.
Grains, fruits and vegetables form mankind's basic foodstuffs.
Plants are not essential for animals because animals are able to produce their own food.

Answer the questions:

What are plants?
Who was the first to divide all living things into groups?
Who and when created the basis of the modern system of scientific classification of plants?
What characterizes green plants?
What plants have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to

photosynthesize?

What do plants use to obtain food?
What are embryophytes?
How many species of plants are there on Earth?
Why are plants essential to the balance of nature and in people’s lives?

Ask your partner some more questions on the text.

Find in the text 5 sentences in Present Indefinite. Translate them into Russian.

Summarize the text using the following phrases:

The text reports on…

The text touches upon…

It is reported that…

Much attention is given to…

The text points out that…

The text deals with the problem of…

The text provides information on…

The text defines the phenomenon of…

The text covers such points as…

Read Text B and choose the headline from the ones given below:

– Responses to Injury

– Response to Disease

– Plants Communication
Words and expressions:
disease-causing – вызывающий болезнь fight – бороться, сражаться

herbivore – травоядное животное scar tissue – рубцовая ткань

respond – реагировать carry out – проводить, осуществлять

innate – врожденный greenhouse – теплица, парник

wound – рана harm – вредить

interfere with – вмешиваться, мешать neighboring – соседствующий

medication – медикаментозное лечение
Text B
Plants are attacked by a variety of disease-causing organisms and by plant-eating herbivores. Plants respond to disease in much the same way as animals do. When infected with a disease, plants have an innate ability to fight the infection. Plants also repair wounds by growing a form of scar tissue over the wounded area.

Plants fight herbivores in a different way. Many plants produce toxic materials, which interfere with the metabolism of animals that eat plants. When the leaves of plants are eaten by animals, the new leaves often contain higher amounts of toxic materials than the original leaves.

Plants may even have the ability to communicate with one another. An experiment carried out in a greenhouse produced some interesting results. Some of the plants had their leaves mechanically “eaten” by an experimenter, whereas nearby plants were not harmed. Not only the cut plants produced new leaves with more toxins, but the new growth on neighboring plants had increased toxin levels as well. This shows that plants communicate in some way, perhaps by the release of molecules that cause changes in the receiving plant.

Many of the toxic chemicals produced by plants have been used as medications. Quinine has been used to fight malaria. Digitalis is used to strengthen heartbeat. Taxol is an anticancer drug.

Choose the correct answer:

What are plants attacked by?

A humans B bacteria C carnivores D disease-causing organisms and by plant-eating herbivores

What do plants do when infected with a disease?

A they fight the infection B they ignore the infection C they cure the infection D they always die

How do plants repair wounds?

A by growing vascular tissue over the wounded area B they do not repair wounds C by growing new leaves over the wounded area D by growing a form of scar tissue over the wounded area

What did the experiment in a greenhouse show?

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