Butterfly garden. It is aimed at creating an environment that attracts butterflies, as well as certain moths.
Community garden. It is a single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
Cottage garden. It is a distinct style of garden that uses an informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plants.
Cutting garden. A functional garden used to grow flowers for indoor use rather than outdoor display is known as a cutting garden. It contains flowers for cutting.
Forest garden. Forest gardening is a food production and land management system based on woodland ecosystems, but substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to humans.
Green wall (vertical garden). A green wall is a wall, either free-standing or part of a building, which is partially or completely covered with vegetation and, in some cases, soil or an inorganic growing medium.
Greenhouse. A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a building in which plants are grown.
Rain garden. A rain garden is a shallow, constructed depression that is planted with deep-rooted native plants and grasses. It is located in your landscape to receive runoff from hard surfaces such as a roof, a sidewalk and a driveway.
Raised bed garden. It is a form of gardening in which the soil is formed in 3–4 foot (1.0–1.2 m) wide beds, which can be of any length or shape. The soil is raised above the surrounding soil sometimes enclosed by a frame generally made of wood, rock, or concrete blocks, and enriched with compost.
Residential (private) garden. It is the most common form of garden and is in proximity to a residence, such as the 'front or back garden.
Back garden. It is a residential garden located at the rear of a property, on the other side of the house from the public street-side entrance and front garden.
Roof garden. It is any garden on the roof of a building.
Zoological garden (zoological park, or zoo). It is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred.
Gardens may feature a particular plant or plant type(s):
Cactus garden. It is a miniature garden of two or more small cacti in a container.
Flower garden. It is any garden where flowers are grown for decorative purposes.
Herb garden. It is often a separate space in the garden, devoted to growing a specific group of plants known as herbs.
Orchard. Orchards comprise fruit or nut-producing trees which are grown for commercial production.
Rose garden. It is a garden where roses are grown for decorative purposes.
Vegetable garden.
Vineyard
White garden. It is a feature garden composed of plants that produce white flowers and as well as plants with a white or silvery cast to their foliage.
Winter garden. It is winter-hardy plants grown for winter interest and decoration, or to be harvested for food between winter and early spring.
Gardens may feature a particular style or aesthetic:
Alpine or rock garden
Bonsai or miniature garden
Children's Garden
Chinese garden
Dutch garden
English landscape garden
French formal garden
French landscape garden
Italian garden
Japanese garden
Knot garden. It is a garden of very formal design in a square frame, consisting of a variety of aromatic plants and culinary herbs.
Korean garden
Persian garden
Roman gardens
Spanish garden
Terrarium. It is a miniature landscape with living plants and even sometimes small animals like lizards or turtles.
Trial garden. A garden grown specifically for the purpose of testing and evaluating plants is called a trial garden.
Tropical garden
Water garden (aquatic garden). It is defined as any interior or exterior landscape or architectural element whose primarily purpose is to house, display, or propagate a particular species or variety of aquatic plant.
Wild garden
Xeriscaping. Xeriscaping refers to landscaping and gardening in ways that reduce or eliminate the need for supplemental water from irrigation. Xeriscape landscaping is designed specifically for areas that are susceptible to drought
Zen garden. The Japanese Zen garden or is the type of dry landscape garden often seen outside of Zen temples in Japan and in other parts of the world. The gardens are made entirely of stone and sand, without the use of water or vegetation of any kind.
Socializing
Nationality
I. Listen, read and memorize:
What is your Кто вы по
nationality? национальности?
Russian русский
American американец
English англичанин
Chinese китаец
French француз
German немец
Italian итальянец
Spanish испанец
Canadian канадец
Swedish швед
Korean кореец
Japanese японец
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Arab араб
Polish поляк
Ukrainian украинец
In what city were you born? В каком городе
вы родились?
(Where were you born?) (Где вы родились?)
I was born in… Я родился в…
Where do you live now? Где вы живете
сейчас?
I live in… Я живу в…
Where did you live before that? Где вы жили
раньше?
I used to live in… Раньше я жил в…
Have you (ever) been to London? Вы (когда-нибудь)
были в Лондоне?
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Обратите внимание!
В отличие от русского языка, в английском языке названия национальностей и названия языков пишутся с большой буквы.
Сочетание used to +infinitive употребляется для выражения продолжительного или часто повторявшегося действия в прошлом. Обычно эта конструкция употребляется в тех случаях, когда указанное действие полностью лежит в области прошлого и не продолжается в настоящем. Поэтому на русский язык сочетание used to + infinitive часто переводится с помощью слова раньше.
Например:
They used to live in Seattle. – Раньше они жили в Сиэтле (но теперь не живут).
Предложения типа Вы были в Лондоне? переводятся на английский язык с использованием формы перфекта настоящего времени (the Present Perfect Tense) и предлога to.
Например:
Ты (когда-нибудь) была в Стокгольме? – Have you (ever) been to Stockholm?
II. Listen, memorize and act out.
1
– I would like you to meet Paul.
– Nice to meet you. My name is Marina.
– Marina, are you Russian?
– Yes, I am Russian. And what is your
nationality?
– I am French. I used to live in Paris, and
now I live in Moscow. Marina, have
you ever been to France?
– No, I haven’t. Paul, do you work or
study in Moscow?
– I study at the university.
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2
– Hello, Jessica!
– Hello, Dasha!
– How are you?
– Fine, thanks. And how are you?
– Also fine, thank you. Jessica are you English?
– Yes, I am English.
– And in what city were you born?
– I was born in Manchester.
– Is it a pretty city?
– Yes, it’s a pretty, big and old city. Have you been to Manchester?
– No, I haven’t.
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Practice
Finish the sentences:
Example:
Russians live in Russia.
English … Koreans …
Americans … Polish …
Canadians … Italians …
Australians … Spanish …
Germans … Dutch …
Danes … Ukrainians …
Give positive and negative answers:
Example:
Are you French? – Yes, I am.
No, I am not. I am German.
Are you Russian?
Is Tom English?
Is Van Chinese?
Is Salvador Spanish?
Is Marta Dane?
Are they Japanese?
Have you been to New York? – Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
Has Victor been to the U.S.A.?
Has Lena been to Germany?
Have they been to China?
Have you been to Berlin?
Have your American friends been to Russia?
Translate into English:
Раньше я жила в Риме, а сейчас живу в Москве.
Раньше он жил в Англии, а сейчас живет во Франции.
Раньше мы жили в Испании, а сейчас мы живем в Германии.
Раньше они жили в Америке, а сейчас живут в России.
Раньше она жила в Вашингтоне, а сейчас живет в Лос-Анджелесе.
Answer the questions:
Is she Russian?
Where does he live now?
Is it a big city?
Where did you live before that?
Where do you work?
What is his nationality?
Has he ever been to London?
Where did you used to live?
Do they live in Krasnodar?
Where were you born?
Fill in questions:
____? – She is Swedish.
____? – No, he is not American, he is German.
____? – I was born in Kiev.
____? – They used to live in Italy
____? – No, I haven’t.
____? – Yes, it’s an old city.
____? – Yes, they are English.
____? – I live in Russia.
Make up dialogues.
Unit V
From the History of Gardening
Grammar for Revision: Present/Past Simple Passive
Text A : From the History of Gardening
Text B
Text C: Where does the Story of Gardens Begin?
Socializing: Language
“Someone's sitting in the shade today
because someone planted a tree a long time ago”.
Les Brown
Warm up
Do you know when the first greenhouse was built? Who invented the wheelbarrow, the garden hose, the flower pot? Who had the first lawn?
Try this quiz to learn some lesser known, but none the less important, persons and facts in the history of gardening:
When were the first garden hoses (поливочные шланги) made?
When did the first European garden hose appear?
When was the earliest record of bonsai?
When did the first lawns appear?
Who invented the first greenhouse in 1619?
Who discovered the concept of "microclimates"?
Who was the first to popularize, if not invent, flower pots?
What firm produced the first garden catalog with prices?
When and where was the earliest western depiction of a wheelbarrow (тачка)?
Who invented the wheelbarrow?
Read the answers to the quiz and check yourself.
1. Around 400BC, made of ox gut
2. In 1672 in Amsterdam, made of leather.
3. In wall paintings from 706AD in China.
4. In the 1st century AD, promoted in Greece by Pliny the Younger.
5. The mathematician Salomon de Caus, being a movable wooden framed structure to shelter orange trees at Heidelberg Castle in Germany.
6. Nathaniel Ward in 1832 with his enclosed glass boxes known as Wardian cases, and used extensively on plant explorations after.
7. The Egyptian Pharoah Ramses III, about 1230BC.
8. Telford family, Yorkshire, UK in 1775; previously, listings from firms had no prices.
9. A stained glass window (витражное стекло) in Chartres Cathedral, France, dating to 1220AD.
10. Chuko Liang, a Chinese general, in 231AD for use by his troops in moving supplies through mucky soil.
Grammar Revision
Present/Past Simple Passive
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Правильные глаголы + -ed to study - studied
Неправильные глаголы – III форма to write - written
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Действие совершается над подлежащим
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I am/was asked
He (she, it) is/was asked
We (you, they) are/were asked
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