Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине Иностранный язык
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Theatres in England The centre of theatrical activity is London. Theatres are very much the same in London as anywhere else. The performances start at about eight and finish at about eleven. Seats are expensive and a night out at a theatre is quite a luxury for the average Londoners. Most theatres and musical halls have good orchestras, with popular conductors. Theatre organization in England differs greatly from that in our country. Only a few theatres have their own permanent companies. Troupes are formed for a season, sometimes even for a single play. Some of the most known theatres in England are: Royal Opera House, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, The Old Victoria Theatre and others. expensive – дорогой a night out at a theatre - вечер, проведенный в театре luxury – роскошь Вариант экзаменационного билета для инженерно-технических и экономических специальностей 1. Прочтите текст без словаря и передайте его содержание. WORLD EXHIBITIONS The first world exhibition was held in London in 1951. It was a great success. It displayed exhibits of 40 participating nations and the number of visitors reached over six million. Since then world industrial expositions have had a colorful history. They have changed not only in size and scope, but also in character and overall purpose. Such events provided opportunities for exchanging scientific, technological and cultural achievements of the people of Europe, America, Australia, Asia and Africa. Later international expositions began to take new forms, emphasizing not only technological progress, but also other aspects of life. They became festivals of industry and culture. participate - принимать участие; purpose – цель 2. Прочтите и переведите текст со словарем. THE ECONOMY ТО ECOLOGY, ECOLOGY ТО THE ECONOMY A radical restructuring of economic management is under way in our country. The very important thing is environmental protection, the rational utilization of nature. We have to work out the main thing - a programme to harmonize the relations between nature and society in order to preserve the basis of social production and the life of society in general. Now we cultivate millions of hectares of arable land. That also includes land located in extremely bad conditions. This land yields practically no harvest, yet we send to it huge numbers of machines, mineral fertilizers and people, we burn fuel and restore the soil. This is an example of the expenditure approach. We should reduce the arable land to a minimum. Eroded land should be left fallow.] We should get out of the areas of high-risk farming. Crop yields can be increased by reproduction the fertility of the soil taking into account the ecological situation in every region. in order to - для того, чтобы; arable – пахотный 3. Ответы на вопросы по устной теме. ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ: Варианты контрольных работ (Экономические специальности)                     Варианты контрольных работ (Инженерно-технические специальности)           Scarce – недостаточный           Вопросы для зачёта ( I курс – экономические специальности)
advertising bond market consumer
курс, тариф валюта ЕЭС ВВП,ВНП 15.Что вы можете рассказать о своей работе и обязанностях? Вопросы для зачёта ( I курс – инженерно- технические специальности)
brake car engine driver railway 14.Дайте английский эквивалент: пассажир подвижной состав шпала путь движение 15.Расскажите о себе, своей работе и обязанностях. Экзаменационные билеты (Экономические специальности) Приложение к билету № 1 Прочтите текст без словаря, передайте его содержание по-русски: From the History of Money The earliest form of buying and selling was called bartering. This meant that people swapped something they could spare for something they needed. It was during the Bronze and Iron Ages that metals were discovered. Copper and iron became very important. When melted down they could be made into many useful and decorative articles. Such articles took time and skill to make and so they became valuable. Metal was used to barter with. Metal could be stamped to show its weight and it was this that decided its value or worth. Sometimes the ruler’s head would also be shown on the coin. The first coins as we would know them were made by the Greeks around 800- 600 B.C. In the 8-th century one of the emperors brought in a new currency in silver. This became the basis of many European currencies today. bartering – вести меновую торговлю, товарообмен; melt – плавить; В. С. – до н. э. currency – валюта. Приложение к билету 1(текст 1) Переведите текст со словарем: An essential part of marketing is market research. This should not only precede the introduction of new products, but should keep a regular check on what is happening to existing ones. The object of market research is, primarily, to find out what the public wants. If a product is needed, it will sell. Market researchers also attempt to find out in what form, shape, colour and package the public will accept the product. They also try to keep track of changing patterns in demand. The successful firm is the one that can commence production today for the needs of tomorrow. Market research must be distinguished from consumer research. This looks at marketing from the consumers' point of view. It is concerned with such questions as which of many rival products represent the best value for money, and how best the consumers' interests can be safeguarded. Market researchers will, of course, be concerned not only with what products are needed and what will 'sell' them, but with the peculiarities of the markets with which their firms are concerned. Are there any moral, legal or social reasons why the proposed product should not be marketed in the area under consideration? In what way will demand, and the type of appeal that will have to be made to consumers through advertising, have to take account of the social, linguistic and racial backgrounds of the potential customers? NOTES: point of view – точка зрения take account – принимать во внимание Приложение к билету № 2 Прочтите текст без словаря, передайте его содержание по-русски: What is Tax? There are several types of taxation in the United Kingdom, Income Tax being one of it. It was first introduced to raise money to fight wars. A considerable amount of it is still used for defence purposes. The list of things on which the government now spends money is fairly lengthy: law and order, health and hospitals, education, roads, social security, housing, environmental services etc. Paying tax is only like buying things – you pay over the money and the Government gives you something in return. Income Tax is paid to central government, but much of the money is given to local government (town and country councils) who actually provide some of the services in their area and pay part of them with money also raised through local taxes. Income Tax – подоходный налог; to raise money – добывать деньги; lengthy – очень длинный, растянутый. Приложение к билету 2(текст 1) Переведите текст со словарем: SOURCES OF FINANCE So! You want to set up your own business! All right - but one big question: Where are you going to get the capital? Finding the capital is usually the biggest problem faced by those wishing to set up a business. There are, in fact, two problems involved. One is how much capital will be needed. The other is how it can be raised.. In setting up a business, the first thing to do is to estimate how much capital will be needed immediately. What fixed assets will be needed? What current assets? There is then the question of how long it will be before the product, or service, becomes established and cash starts flowing in. This will mean estimating carefully the expenses for this initial period, and how much working capital will be needed to cover them. The amount needed will depend entirely upon the type of business, how large it is going to be, and how long it will be before the business will begin to 'pay its way'. Once these amounts have been calculated, a serious look can be taken at how the money is to be obtained. NOTES: Assets – финансовые активы Obtain - добывать Приложение к билету № 3 Прочтите текст без словаря, передайте его содержание по-русски: Production Relations in Society Man has never lived alone. People always formed groups, societies. Production has therefore a social character. The productive activities of people link them with other people. At all stages of the historical development of society, production is always social: it is always carried on jointly by more or less large groups of people. In production men not only act on nature but also on one another. In order to produce, they enter into definite connections and relations with one another and only within these social connections and relations does production take place. The relations which arise among people in the process of production are called the relations of production or production relations. relations production – производственные отношения. |
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