Руководство к контрольным заданиям по дисциплине «Иностранный язык модуль 3»

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Название	Руководство к контрольным заданиям по дисциплине «Иностранный язык модуль 3»
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Тип	Руководство

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Задание 16. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

I. In 1987, Fortune magazine said that mere management is not enough anymore. What was needed, it said, were executives who can transform organizations and create the corporate future. It called these new managers leaders because they had to do more than manage. Leadership involves creating a vision for others to follow, establishing corporate values and ethics, and transforming the way the organization does business so it is more effective and efficient. Managers work within organizational boundaries. Leaders set those boundaries and constantly change the organization to meet new challenges.

II. Autocratic. Autocratic leadership involves making managerial decisions without consulting others, and implies power over others. Many businesspeople who are sport leaders seem to use rather successfully and autocratic leadership style that consists of issuing orders and telling players what to do. Motivation comes from threats, punishment, and intimidation of all kinds. Such a style is effective in emergencies and when absolute followership is needed (for example, on army maneuvers).

III. Bureaucratic. Bureaucratic leadership is based on inflexible routine supported by rules, regulations, and policies. Government organizations and government-like organizations seem to prosper by using bureaucratic leadership. That is, they have rules to cover almost everything, and most employees live by the rules. There is little flexibility in such organizations and unique situations often cause indecision and paralysis among the employees.

Democratic. Democratic leadership consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions. Many new, progressive organizations are highly successful at using a democratic style of leadership where traits such as flexibility, good listening skill, and empathy are dominant.

IV. Laissez-Faire. Laissez-faire leadership involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives. In certain professional organizations, where managers deal with doctors, engineers, and other professionals, the most successful leadership style is often one of laissez-faire or free rein leadership. The traits needed by managers in such organizations include warmth, friendliness, and understanding.

Employee Controlled. Employee-controlled leadership consists of having employees set objectives, and management handling administrative matters. Organizations with highly independent professionals (such as professors in colleges and universities) often find it appropriate to use an employee-controlled leadership style in which the employees make the decisions. Managers perform administrative tasks and must demonstrate tact, adaptability, and intelligence.

When to Use Various Leadership Styles

V. Any one manager may use a variety of leadership styles depending on who he or she is dealing with and the situation. A manager may be autocratic but friendly with a new trainee; democratic with an experienced employee who has many good ideas that can only be fostered by a manager who is a good listener and flexible; and laissez-faire with trusted, long-term supervisor who probably knows more about operations than the manager does. Leadership depends on followership, and followership depends on the traits and circumstances of the follower. In general, though, one could say that good leaders tend to be flexible, able to identify with the goals and values of followers, good communicators, sensitive to the needs of others, and decisive when the situations demands it.

Перепечатайте и переведите письменно I часть текста.
Найдите слова в тексте к следующим определениям:

1. The style of leadership when objectives are set by employees.

2. Situations when absolute obedience is necessary.

3. A person who set boundaries and constantly change the organization to meet new challenges.

Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию из текста.

1. What is the difference between a manager and a leader?

2. Describe the various leadership styles.

3. Which leadership style is the best?

В какой части текста говорится

1. о различных ситуациях, где руководители демонстрируют различные стили руководства?

2. о том, что в определенных ситуациях подчиненные сами ставят цели и задачи?

3. о стиле руководства, принятом в армии?

Определите, является ли данное предложение: истинным, ложным или в тексте нет об этом информации.

1. Bureaucratic authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitimacy and bureaucracy.

2. Management effectiveness includes leadership, or how effectively management communicates and translates the vision and strategy of the organization to the members.

3. Combination of democratic and Laissez-Faire leadership styles is very effective in emergency cases.

Определите главную мысль текста.

1. Leadership.

2. Process of making a decision.

3. Managerial skills.
Вариант 3
Грамматика: Infinitive. Forms and Functions. Bare Infinitive

Infinitive Constructions: Objective, Nominative, For-to-Infinitive

Participle. Forms and Functions. Participial Constructions

Gerund. Gerundial Construction

Задание 1. Перепечатайте предложения. Вставьте инфинитив в нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.

The manager expected the work … properly. (to do)

A. to have done C. to have been done E. to do

B. to be done D. to be doing F. to have been doing

When I entered the room the presenter seemed … the main findings of the study. (to summarize)

A. to summarize C. to be summarizing E. to have summarized

B. to be summarized D. to have been summarized F. to have been summarizing

Sellers may increase quantity delivered under the terms of the agreement, always provided that Buyers have the option … such increase. (to refuse)

A. to have refused C. to be refusing E. to refuse

B. to have been refused D. to have been refusing F. to be refused

Задание 2. Перепечатайте предложения, поставьте частицу to, где необходимо. Объясните причину отсутствия частицы to. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

The terms of delivery allow us … use all kinds of shipment.
He made us … wait for two hours.
The promissory note may … be made payable to the bearer, to a party named in the note, or to the order of the party named in the note.

Задание 3. Перепечатайте предложения. Измените их, используя Infinitive вместо подчёркнутых слов. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.

The amount which is to be paid includes the cost of packing.
Mr. Peterson is the successful applicant who is necessary to complete security clearance.
There was no place of training where the skilled personal could get higher qualification.

Задание 4. Перепечатайте предложения. Замените сложные предложения или группы предложений простыми предложениями с инфинитивным оборотом Complex Object. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.

1. I could hear it perfectly well. They were discussing the terms of the contract.

2. You signed all the documents. We supposed it.

3. The labor costs are definitely lower in China. We know it.

Задание 5. Перепечатайте предложения. Закончите их, используя "for-to-Infinitive Construction". Переведите предложение на русский язык.

There is a meeting (he; to attend).
The personal manager couldn’t wait (to come; the government training expert).
It was the right time (to set up; he; a company).

Задание 6. Перепечатайте предложения с Complex Subject. Вставьте сказуемое в нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.

The latest figures … to show that the project is within budget. (to seem)
He … to produce as many ideas as possible. (to be likely)
The shareholders … to have discussed the company’s annual report before 2 o’clock coffee-break. (to prove)

Задание 7. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните инфинитивные обороты. Определите, какой инфинитивный оборот употреблён в предложении. Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму инфинитива

1. The appointment is likely to be arranged tomorrow.

2. I hope each item or issue on the agenda to be introduced.

3. It is important for the goods to be delivered in time.

Задание 8. Выберите правильный вариант перевода выделенной части предложения. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

Various competing groups and individuals employ scarce productive resources to produce various goods and services.

A. конкурировать C. конкурирующие

B. конкурировавшие D. конкурируют

2. Individual consumers bargaining on the marketplace may influence resource allocation.

A. торговавшиеся C. торгующиеся

B. сторговавшиеся D. торгуясь

3. The firm employing more employees increases profits by selling more goods and services.

A. нанимая C. наймёт

B. наняв D. нанимающая

Задание 9. Выберите нужную форму Participle I. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. Managers … goods direct the profits on the development of the firm.

A. distributing B. being distributed C. having been distributed

2. Employers … the company, try to increase the ability of work of their employees.

A. being run B. running C. having run D. having been run

The nations … to overcome recession are cutting social spending.

A. trying B. having been tried C. being tried

Задание 10. Перепечатайте предложения. Замените выделенную часть предложения соответствующей формой Participle I. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.

The first art which man acquired is economics.

A. having acquired B. acquiring C. being acquired

We use natural resources to produce goods and services which satisfy our need for food, shelter, and clothing.

A. being satisfied B. satisfying C. having satisfied

There are now many branches of economics which has developed rapidly,

A. having been developed B. being developed C. having developed D. developing

Задание 11. Перепечатайте предложения. Определите, какой формой глагола является выделенное слово: Participle II или Past Simple. Переведите полученное предложения на русский язык.

We use the term mixed economy to economies with a significant component of both collectivism and free enterprise.
Entrepreneurs tried to increase the economic surplus of their business.
Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things.

Задание 12. Перепечатайте предложения. Вставьте Participle I или Participle II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

The system … on private exchange and some government ownership and allocation is called … economy.(to base; to mix)
Farm products … by the government are sold on artificially low prices. (to subsidize)
Products … from a factory to the market place are known as goods (to move).

Задание 13. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните причастные обороты. Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму причастия.

The president was seen coming to the meeting of the company.
We find the definition completed.
I heard him calling to the company manager.

Задание 14. Перепечатайте предложения. Определите, чем является выделенное слово: Participle I, Gerund, Verbal Noun. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

The firm increases profits by selling more goods and services.
Economics teaches principles that are used in everyday trading transactions.
To make optimum use of resources is the ultimate goal of economics from the very beginning.

Задание 15. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните герундиальные обороты. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму герундия.

They insisted on the manager’s coming at once.
We objected to our changing the job.
She doesn’t mind her business’ selling new goods in the marketplace.

Задание 16. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

I. То be competitive, manufacturers must keep the costs of input down. That is, the costs of workers, machinery, and so on must be kept as low as possible. One of the most important decisions that will need to be made by a firm is where to locate production.

II. One of the major issues of the 1980s and 1990s is the shift of manufacturing facilities from one city or state to another. One major reason some producers move is the availability of the right kind of labor and cheap labor. Even though labor cost is becoming a smaller percentage of the total costs in some industries, cheap labor remains a key reason for many less technologically advanced producers to move their plants.

Cheaper resources are another major reason for moving production facilities. Companies often need water, electricity, wood, coal, and other basic resources. By moving to areas where such resources are cheap and plentiful, costs can be lowered significantly - not only the cost of buying such resources, but the cost of shipping as well. Water shortages in the West of the U.S., for example, often discourage the location of manufacturing plants there.

III. One reason businesses sometimes choose to remain in big cities is because that's where their customers are. By locating close to their customers, businesses lower the costs of transportation and can be more responsive to customer needs for service. Today, the new, smaller, high-tech production firms are located on the fringes of large cities where they can serve their customers.

The cost of land is becoming a more critical factor in choosing a plan location. Some businesses are forced to leave cities where land is expensive and move to rural areas where land is much cheaper.

IV. Today, another big incentive to locate or relocate in a particular city is the tax situation and government support. Some states have higher taxes than others. Some states and cities even give tax incentives and other support, sue! as zoning changes and financial aid, so that businesses will locate there. Some cities attract business by designing industrial parks. An industrial park is a planned area where businesses can find land, shipping facilities, and waste disposal outlets so they can build a manufacturing plant or storage facility.

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