Present Simple также используется:
Для обозначения действий, не зависящих от людей, которые отражают объективные процессы в природе и обществе, общеизвестные факты: The Earth goes round the Sun. – Земля вращается вокруг солнца. Water boils at 100 Celsius. – Вода кипит при температуре 100С.
В рассказах, комментариях и репортажах (при описании серии событий, которые следуют одно за другим): In Act 1, Hamlet meets the ghost of his father. – В первом акте Гамлет встречает призрак своего отца. Smyth serves the ball but Layton misses it. – Смит подает мяч, но Лэйтон его пропускает.
В инструкциях, а также вопросах, требующих в качестве ответа инструкцию или указания: How do I get to the cinema? - Как мне добраться до кинотеатра? Why don’t you go for a walk? - Почему бы тебе не пойти на прогулку?
Правила написания окончания - (e)s
Speak – speaks
Live – lives
–s, - ss, - x, - sh, - ch, - tch, -o + - es: wash – washes
Play – plays, cry – cries
Present Continuous
Настоящее длительное
Действие происходит в момент речи или в настоящий период времени.
Обстоятельства времени: now, just now, still, at this moment, at present, these days, today , nowadays.
Утвердительная
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Отрицательная
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Вопросительная
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I am working
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I am not working
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Am I working?
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He
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He
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he
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She is working
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She is not working
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Is she working?
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It
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It
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it
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We
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We
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we
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You are working
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You are not working
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Are you working?
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They
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They
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they
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Please, stop talking. John is studying. – Пожалуйста, прекратите разговаривать. Джон занимается.
“What are you doing?” “I am looking for a file.” – “Что ты делаешь?” ”Я ищу файл.”
Present Continuous также используется:
Для описания действия, которое происходит в настоящий период времени, но не в момент разговора (действие в процессе – оно началось, но еще не закончилось): My friends are building a new house. – Мои друзья строят новый дом. Catherine wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. – Катерина хочет работать в Италии, поэтому она изучает итальянский язык.
Для выражения изменяющейся ситуации: The population is rising very fast. – Население очень быстро растет. Is your English getting better? – Твой английский улучшается?
Для обозначения временного действия: He is living with his friends until he finds a flat. - Он живет у друзей, пока не найдет квартиру. (Ср.: My parents live in London. - Мои родители живут в Лондоне.) Usually I read a detective story before I fall asleep but this week I am reading Shakespeare. – Обычно я читаю перед сном детектив, но на этой неделе я читаю Шекспира.
Для обозначения слишком часто повторяющегося действия, которое вызывает недовольство, раздражение (с такими наречиями как always, constantly, continually, persistently ): My new assistant is always complaining! - Мой новый помощник вечно жалуется! I am constantly losing things. – Вечно я теряю вещи!
Глаголы, не употребляются в Continuous:
Чувственного восприятия: fell*, look*, notice, observe, (over)hear, see*, smell*, sound, taste* (кроме listen, watch);
Умственной деятельности: advise, believe, consider, doubt, forget, guess, hope, imagine, insist, know, mean, not mind, promise, realize, recognize, recommend, regret, remember, require, seem, suggest, suppose, suspect, think*, understand, wonder;
Чувств: admire, adore, astonish, concern, despise, detest, dislike, envy, hate, impress, like, love, surprise;
Желания: desire, lack, need, please, prefer, satisfy, want, wish;
Принадлежности: be*, belong, consist, contain, depend, have*, include, involve, keep, owe, own, possess.
Некоторые другие: agree, apologize, appear, cost, deny, deserve, equal, exist, fit, forgive, impress, lack, last, look, like, matter, reach, refuse, remain, resemble, stop, suit, survive.
She is listening to the latest news at the moment. I’m sorry, but I do not hear you.
Примечание:
I feel that we are given too much work (полагать). He is feeling unwell now (чувствовать себя).
You look nice (выглядеть). What are you looking for? (искать).
I see a mistake in your report (видеть). I am seeing the CEO tomorrow (встречаться).
This coffee tastes bitter (иметь вкус). She is tasting the pudding (пробовать).
What do you think of his proposal? (считать, иметь мнение). What are you thinking about? (размышлять, обдумывать).
I have a lot of things to do (иметь). Mr. Brown is having lunch (breakfast, dinner, supper, a rest, a lesson, a party, a shower, a smoke, a cold, a good time) now.
Mr. Terry is always honest. He is being honest with you now.
Правила написания окончания - ing
Speak – speaking
Live – living
Play – playing
Plan planning
Cry – crying
Travel – travelling
Lie - lying
Exercise 1. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
1 What … your name? – My name … Shirley Frank. 2. What … your address? – My address … 175 Grand Central Parkway. 3. What … your phone number? – My phone number … 718-1930. 4. Where … you from? – I … from New York. 5. I … a pupil. 6. My father … not a teacher, he … a scientist. 7. … your aunt a doctor? – Yes, she … . 8. …they at home? – No, they … not at home, they … at work. 9. My brother … a worker. He … at work. 10. … you an engineer? – No, I … not, I … a lawyer. 11. … your sister a typist? – No, she … not a typist, she … a student. 12. … your brother at school? – Yes, he …. 13. … your sister at school? – No, she … not at school. 14. My sister … at home. 15. … this your watch? – Yes, it … . 16. She … an actress. 17. This … my bag. 18. My uncle … an office worker. 19. He … at work. 20. Helen … a painter. She has some fine pictures. They … on the walls. She has so much paper. It … on the shelf. The shelf … brown. It … on the wall. Helen has a brother. He … a student. He has a family. His wife … not from St Petersburg, she … from Moscow. They … nice people.
Exercise 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
1. My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock.
2. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises.
3. It (to take) me fifteen minutes.
4. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast.
5. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock.
6. He (to take) a bus to his factory.
7. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock.
8. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room.
9. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).
Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
(NOW) 1.. Timothy (to feed) his dog. 2. Mr. Jones (to clean) his yard. 3. Nancy (to paint) her kitchen. 4. Our neighbours (to wash) their car. 5. I (to wash) my hair. 6. Who (to fix) your sink? 7. What she (to do) now? – She (to dance). 8. The children (to brush) their teeth. 9. What he (to do) at the moment? – He (to fix) his bicycle. 10. They (to have) a big dinner together. 11. The boys (to run) about the garden. 12. I (to do) my homework. 13. John and his friends (to go) to the library. 14. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography. 15. A young man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette. 16. The old man (to walk) about the room. 17. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 18. You (to have) break? 19. What language you (to study)? 20 Who (to lie) on the sofa? 21. What they (to talk) about? 22. It still (to rain). 23. I (to open) an umbrella. 24. John (to play) computer games.
Exercise 4. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Коля и Миша играют в футбол. 7. Катя играет на рояле. 8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11. Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за столом. 14. Мы делаем упражнение. 15. Мы не купаемся. 16. Они играют во дворе? 17. Нина и Аня моют пол. 18. Коля помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу. 22. Вы идете в школу? 23. Он работает? 24. Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 25. Он покупает конфеты. 26. Что делает твоя сестра? 27. Где играют дети? 28. Почему ты смеешься? 29. 31. Я кормлю птиц. 32. Мама сидит на диване в гостиной и смотрит телевизор. 33. Это фотографии моих друзей. Они танцуют на моем дне рождении.
Exercise 5. Составьте предложения со следующими глаголами во времени Present Continuous.
sing, help, write, swim, clean, play, listen.
Exercise 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. Не (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 3. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago. 4. They (to read) many books. 5. They (to read) many books? 6. They (not to read) many books. 7. The children (to eat) soup now. 8. The children (to eat) soup now? 9. The children (not to eat) soup now. 10. You (to play) volleyball well? 11. When you (to play) volleyball? 12. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 13. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 14. We (not to dance) every day. 15. Look! Kate (to dance). 16. Kate (to sing) well? 17. Where he (to go) in the morning? 18. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 19. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 20. When you (to sleep)? 21. Nina (not to sleep) now. 22. Where John (to live)? — He (to live) in England. 23. My friends from Switzerland (to speak) four languages. 24. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? Yes, she .... 25. She only (not to speak) Italian. .
UNIT2. EATING OUT
Warm up
Work in pairs. What food is France famous for? Have you ever eaten any French dishes? Did you enjoy them?
Reading
Read the guide on the opposite page and match the paragraphs with the headings below. There is one heading than necessary.
Ordering a meal
Service with a smile
How much to pay
Types of restaurants and cafes
Types of dishes
French cuisine paragraph 1
Read the text again. Are the following statements true or false? Correct any false statements.
French cuisine is changing.
A lot of French food is spicy.
Many people drink whisky as an aperitif.
There is a bigger choice of dishes in a brasserie compared to a bistro.
The formule menu is cheaper than a la carte.
Coffee is included in the price of a meal.
Tipping is compulsory.
Eating out in Paris
A tremendous range of food is available in Paris, from the rich meat dishes to the light, flaky pastries for which France is famous.
French cuisine is a still evolving art. Traditional French cooking is butter-based and centres on meat, poultry and fish. Today, however, the chefs of many Parisian restaurants are becoming more interested in regional food and in simple, home-style fare which relies on fresh, seasonal ingredients. French cooking tends not to be highly spiced, although fresh herbs like chives and parsley are essential ingredients in the sauces that accompany most savoury dishes.
One of the most enjoyable aspects of Paris is the diversity of places to eat. Bistros are small, often moderately-priced restaurants with a limited selection of dishes. Brasseries are larger, bustling eateries with immense menus, and most serve food throughout the day and are open late. Cafes (and some wine bars) open early and the majority close by 9 pm. They serve drinks and food all day long from a short menu of salads, sandwiches and eggs. At lunch most offer a small choice of hot daily specials.
The waiter usually takes your choice of entree (first course), then the plat (main course). Dessert is ordered after you have finished your main course unless there are some hot desserts which have to be ordered at the start of the meal. In most restaurants you will be asked if you would like a drink before ordering food. A typical aperitif is kir (white wine with a blackcurrant liqueur). Spirits are not generally drunk before a meal in France.
The first course generally includes a choice of salads or vegetables or pate. Small fish dishes like smoked salmon, grilled sardines, herring, shellfish or oysters are also on offer. Main dishes usually include a selection of meat, poultry or fish served with French fries and vegetables. Highly recommended are mottles marinieres (mussels steamed in wine), and chevre tiede sur un lit de salade (grilled goat's cheese with a mixed-leaf salad).
Prices vary from extremely economical to astronomical. Many places offer a formule or fixed-price menu, especially at lunch, and this will almost always offer the best value. If you want a greater choice of dishes, go for the a la carte menu. Remember that a bottle of wine will increase the size of your bill significantly and that coffee usually carries an extra charge.
Prices usually include service. Although you do not have to leave a tip, it is common to do so and is based on 5-10% of the total.
Speaking
Work in pairs. Look at the text again. What is similar/ different to eating out in your country?
Reading
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