Урок 4 Тема. Чёрные и цветные сплавы
|
Скачать 0.5 Mb.
|
|
Урок 4 Тема. Чёрные и цветные сплавы. Грамматика. Конструкция «сложное дополнение с инфинитивом» (повторение). Упр. 1. Вспомните значения следующих словосочетаний и подберите к ним соответствующий перевод из правого столбца.
Упр. 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию «Сложное дополнение с инфинитивом».
Мы знаем, что инженеры применяют этот метод. (вообще)
Мы знаем, что инженеры применяют этот метод. (в данный момент, период)
Мы знаем, что инженеры применили этот метод. (в прошлом)
Мы знаем, что этот метод применяется в промышленности. (вообще)
Мы знаем, что этот метод применялся в промышленности. (в прошлом)
Упр. 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на союзы: both ... and – как ... так и either ... or – или ... или neither ... nor – ни ... ни
Упр. 4. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания. Какое слово является главным и какими способами выражено его определение (я)? Переведите на русский язык. nuclear physics - ядерная физика nuclear physics achievements - достижения ядерной физики 1. the oil industry the oil industry development 2. the steel surface the steel surface corrosion the steel surface corrosion destruction 3. the pressure losses the pressure losses prevention the pressure losses prevention methods 4. the high temperature the high temperature wear the high temperature steel wear the high temperature steel wear resistance 5. atmospheric corrosion the atmospheric metals corrosion the atmospheric metals corrosion resistance 6. the hole temperature the bottom hole temperature the static bottom hole temperature the static bottom hole temperature readings 7. oil transportation oil pipeline transportation buried oil pipeline transportation 8. welding technique arс welding technique gas shielded arс welding technique inert gas shielded arс welding technique tungsten electrode inert gas shielded arс welding technique Упр. 5. Переведите следующие предложения.
Упр. 6. Слова к тексту “Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys”.
Прочитайте текст “Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys”. Выполните следующие задания.
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys Both ferrous and non-ferrous alloys are largely used in all branches of machine-building. As it was mentioned above they are fabricated into desired shapes by the following processes: casting, rolling, forging, pressing, stamping, machining and joining. The principle ferrous materials used are: pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron and steel. Everybody knows various kinds of steels to be applied in industry – mild steels, carbon steels and alloy steels. Pig iron may be said to be the starting point in the production of all other ferrous materials. Metallurgists consider it to contain from 92 to 97 per cent iron. The remainder is carbon, silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus. Cast iron is pig iron which has been modified in structure by remelting usually with the addition of steel scrap and by casting it into moulds. Wrought iron which is now seldom produced is the iron from which nearly all carbon and most of sulphur, phosphorus, etc., have been removed by a process known as puddling. Steel may be roughly defined as an alloy of iron and carbon. The percentage of carbon may bе varied from almost zero in mild steels, up to 2.14 in some tool steels. Besides, alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt and copper are known to be present in these steels. As is known, if metallurgists want to change the properties of the steel they vary either the composition of it by alloying or use heat treatment, or both. Non-ferrous alloys are alloys which have been developed on the basis of non-ferrous metals. They are defined according to their dominant element. Copper-base alloys are used where high thermal or electrical conductivity is the chief requirement. Aluminium-base alloys are used where light weight is a primary requirement. It should be noted that they are widely used due to their high corrosion resistance. Besides, aluminium-base alloys have desirable combination of mechanical properties with thermal and electrical conductivity. Magnesium-base alloys are used where light weight is needed. There are also lead-base alloys, tin-base alloys, zinc-base alloys, nickel-base alloys and others. Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals are known to possess in some degree the following properties: elasticity, ductility, malleability, toughness, brittleness, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Each of these properties should be taken into consideration in choosing the proper production processes. In addition, the processing engineer is required to be familiar with one more property – the mechanical strength of materials. It may be defined as the ability of a construction to withstand tensile, compressive and shearing stresses under all kinds of loads and under different temperatures. Упр. 7. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов при помощи суффиксов: - tion (- sion), - er, - ment, - ty. Переведите на русский язык. fabricate, apply, consider, remain, modify, add, produce, remove, define, vary, compose, treat, develop, conduct, require, resist, compress. Упр. 8. Закончите следующие предложения, используя текст “Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys”.
Упр. 9. Переведите следующие предложения и словосочетания:
Percentage of carbon varies the structure of … Percentage of manganese influences …
Addition of tungsten improves … Addition of copper is considered as …
According to the requirements … According to the desirable properties …
Due to high wear resistance of steel … Due to high brittleness of carbon…
On the basis of primary requirements of industry … On the basis of modified structures of alloys…
Under given conditions … Under proper conditions … Упр. 10. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
Упр. 11. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, опираясь на текст “Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys”.
Упр. 12. Прочитайте текст “Wicked Tricks of Tin” и ответьте на следующие вопросы. Выполните задания, следующие после текста.
Wicked Tricks of Tin fit [fIt] v out – снаряжать terra ['terq] incognita [In'kOgnItq] – неизвестная страна desert ['dezqt] n – пустыня destination ["destI'neISqn] n – место назначения preсede [prJ'sJd] v – предшествовать misfortune [mIs'fLtSqn] n – беда, неудача, несчастье solder ['sOldq] v – паять tin plague [pleIg] n – оловянная чума wicked ['wIkId] a – злой ensure [In'Suq] v – обеспечивать disintegrate [dI'sIntIgreIt] v – разлагаться, распадаться на части In 1910 Captain Robert Scott, the famous British polar explorer, fitted out an expedition to the South Pole, at that time still a terra incognita. The expedition went forward through the lifeless ice desert of the Antarctic, leaving behind small boxes of food and cans of kerosene for the explores to use them on the way back. At the beginning of 1912 the expedition finally reached its destination but to the men’s great disappointment they found a note there which made it clear that they had been preceded by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen one month earlier. However, Captain Scott’s worst misfortune was yet to come. On the way back they found out that the expedition was left without kerosene: the cans were empty. The kerosin had leaked out. The people, exhausted, freezing and hungry, could not either warm themselves up or prepare anything to eat. The result was awful – Captain Scott and his friends soon died. What was the reason for the mysterious disappearance of the kerosene? Why did the expedition so carefully planned end so tragically? What was Captain Scott’s mistake? It was quite simple: the kerosene cans had been soldered with tin. The explorers were ignorant of the fact that at freezing temperatures tin “catches a cold”, first losing its luster and becoming dull grey and then turning into powder. This phenomenon – “tin plague” – led to the tragedy of the expedition. Meanwhile this fact was known as early as the Middle Ages. At the end of the 19th century a train carrying bars of tin was sent from Holland to Russia. When the cars were unsealed in Moscow they contained some grey and useless powder – it was Russian winter which had played a wicked trick on the buyers of tin. At about the same period a well-equipped expedition set out for Siberia. It seemed everything had been taken care of to ensure its success, except one thing: tin dishes had been taken. The result was that after a while spoons and bowls had to be carved from wood if the expedition was to go any further. At the very beginning of the 20th century a shocking incident occurred at an army in St. Petersburg: it was discovered, that all tin buttons had vanished from the soldiers’ uniforms and the boxes that were supposed to contain such buttons were full of a grey powder. The contents of the boxes were analyzed. The substance in them was tin. It was the chemical phenomenon known as ‘tin plague’. What are the processes that cause tin to disintegrate? Only after discovering X-rays metallurgists enabled to take a look inside the metal and study its crystalline structure. Tin (and other metals) seems to have different crystalline forms under different circumstances. The properties of different crystalline forms differ from the properties of the original metal. Thus, at a temperature of minus 33°C tin turns into a powder (tin plague) and at a temperature below13°C a new modification – grey tin – is formed. It loses the properties of metal and becomes a semiconductor. Выполните следующие задания:
Упр. 13. Переведите текст “History of Wrought Iron”, пользуясь словарём. Выполните задания, следующие после текста. History of Wrought Iron There is a town in England with a strange name Ironbridge near the Ironbridge Gorge. What does the name of the town come from? For 3,000 years iron has been one of the essential features of human civilization, and for the greater part of that period wrought iron has been the most commonly used form of the metal. Today the manufacture of wrought iron has almost stopped. Many of the most important innovations in iron manufacture in eighteenth century England took place in the Ironbridge Gorge, including the experiments in the manufacture of wrought iron using mineral fuel. There were many eighteenth and nineteenth century wrought-iron works in the area which employed puddling process. Not far from Ironbridge there were wrought iron forges which included puddling furnaces, a steam hammer and a rolling mill. Now one of the forges is a museum which demonstrates the manufacture of wrought iron in the puddling furnaces. The Ironbridge Gorge is said to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. The district's rich resources of coal, limestone and iron ore were used as early as the sixteenth century. In 1709 Abraham Darby first smelted iron with coke. Darby'a discovery led to the making of the first iron wheels, railways and cast iron steam-engine cylinders. In 1787 the ironmaster John Wilkinson launched an iron barge: it floated. However, it was the erection of the cast-iron bridge in 1779 which brought real fame to this part of England and provided the name for the town. Задание 1.
Задание 2. Прокомментируйте следующие тезисы, используя выражения из задания 2 стр. 22 (урок 2).
Урок 6 |
Похожие:
 |
Урок 4 Тема. Чёрные и цветные сплавы Упр. Вспомните значения следующих словосочетаний и подберите к ним соответствующий перевод из правого столбца |
|
Тз на приобретение токарного центра с чпу мод. Dmc dl 25 Обрабатываемые материалы все виды сталей, титановые сплавы, чугуны, сплавы, цветные металлы, синтетические материалы |
|
Урок на тему: «Наша Земля- магнит» Этот урок урок над темой, урок мировоззренческий, урок философский. Я убеждена в том, что знания о среде своего обитания каждый образованный... |
 |
Урок: 35,36. Класс: 8б дата: Тема: Кислоты. Состав и свойства. Урок-путешествие Цель: сформировать у учащихся представление о кислотах (составе, классификации, представителях), продолжить работу по развитию умения... |
|
Урок технологии 4 класс. Тема : Обувная фабрика. Модель детской летней обуви (урок 2) Ребята, с каким промышленным предприятием мы познакомились на прошлом уроке? -обувная фабрика |
|
Урока в изучаемой теме : урок 4 по теме «Лилейные» Оборудование: доска, экран, компьютер, проектор, схемы, карточки-задания, презентация «Дикорастущие лилейные. Ландыш», рабочая тетрадь,... |
|
Программа курса «цветик-семицветик. Приключения будущих первоклассников» Цветные полоски бумаги, фломастеры для психолога, степлер, ширма для сказки, цветные карандаши, музыкальное сопровождение, бланки... |
|
Урок Типы ясновидения Урок Тренинг по развитию ясновидения Урок Простейшие способы задать вопрос и получить ответ из Информационного поля |
|
Урок №1. Тема: Урок повторения и обобщения изученного материала по... А может это просто прихоть математиков?! Наверно нет! Ведь всякое явление можно описать с помощью функции, а умения решать неравенства... |
|
Урок по фгос: отличия и особенности Современный урок урок по фгос... Педагог не только признает право учащегося на собственное суждение, но и заинтересован в нем |
|
Урок; limb Корум получает урок и теряет руку; to learn — учиться, узнавать; to learn a lesson /from/ — извлекать урок; limb — конечность |
|
Урок; limb Корум получает урок и теряет руку; to learn — учиться, узнавать; to learn a lesson /from/ — извлекать урок; limb — конечность |
|
Урок по теме «Белки» Это урок изучения нового материала, форма его проведения семинар. Урок проводят учителя химии и биологии. В качестве девиза взяты... |
|
Тема урока. Знакомый незнакомец Урок провела Боричевская Розалия Рафиковна учитель химии мбоу «Красноясыльская сош» |
|
Тема: «Сфера духовной жизни» Внимательно посмотрите видео урок и выполните следующие задания, опираясь на его содержание |
|
Урок 1 Тема: Слово. Предложение. Признаки предложения Цели: формирование представлений о предложении как единице речи, выражающей законченную мысль |