Фгбоу впо «Самгту» Кафедра иностранных языков В. В. Доброва, С. В. Крутская, Е. В. Ревина, Т. А. Федорова

Types of Businesses in the UK and in the USA.

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите ключевые выражения.

Most businesses in the United Kingdom operate in one of the following ways:

• 
  sole trader
  
• 
  partnership
  
• 
  limited liability company.
  

The most common type of company in the United Kingdom is the limited liability company. Many of such companies are joint-stock companies owned by shareholders. Limited liability companies are divided into public and private ones.

Public limited companies may offer shares to the public at the stock exchange. The names of such companies end in p.l.c. which stands for public limited company. Examples of such companies include: Marks and Spencer p.l.c., British Telecom and the National Westminster Bank. The minimum share capital for a public limited company is £ 50,000, so many new businesses are likely to take one of the following forms.

The sole trader is the oldest form of business. There are many one-man owners, for example: a farmer, doctor, solicitor, estate agent, builder, hairdresser, etc. It is also the simplest way of starting a business. The sole-traders are self- employed and entirely responsible for all aspects of the management of their business.

Two or more people starting a business together can set up a partnership. They are firms of solicitors, architects, auditors, management consultants, etc. All partners are responsible for the debts of the partnership, and profits and losses are shared between them. The names of all the partners of the firm are printed on the stationary of a partnership.

A company can be formed with a minimum of two people becoming its shareholders. They must appoint a director and a secretary. Private limited companies may not offer shares to the public. And if the company does out of business, the responsibility of each shareholder is limited to the amount that they have contributed; they have limited liability. The names of such companies end simply in Ltd. For example: Wilson and son Ltd.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. 
   What is the most common type of company in the UK?
   
2. 
   Are all limited liability companies joint-stock companies?
   
3. 
   To what sector of economy do all these companies and sole traders belong?
   
4. 
   What can you say about the types of the following companies:
   

• 
  Fine Furniture Ltd.
  
• 
  General Foods p.l.c.
  

Задание 3. Суммируйте информацию о следующих формах ведения бизнеса в Великобритании.

• 
  sole trader
  
• 
  partnership
  
• 
  public limited company
  
• 
  private limited company
  

Задание 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите ключевые выражения.

Businesses in the USA may be organized as one of the following forms:

An individual business is owned by one person. In an individual business the owner is responsible for all debts of the business.

A general partnership has got several owners. They are all liable for debts and they share in the profits.

A limited partnership has got at least one general owner and one or more other owners. They have only a limited investment and a limited liability. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, etc.

A corporation is owned by persons, called stockholders. The stockholders usually have certificates showing the number of shares which they own. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the corporation. Most corporations are closed corporations with only a few stockholders. Other corporations are owned by many stockholders, who buy and sell their shares at will.

As a rule American companies are registered or incorporated with the authorities in the state where they have their headquarters. The abbreviations Inc or Corp refer to such companies.

If the company is incorporated outside the USA in a foreign country, it is called an alien corporation.
Задание 5. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. 
   What types of businesses are there in the USA?
   
2. 
   What business is owned by one person?
   
3. 
   What is the minimum number of owners of the limited partnership?
   
4. 
   What do we call people who own a corporation?
   
5. 
   Who elects a director of a corporation?
   
6. 
   When do Americans use the abbreviation Inc?
   

Задание 6. Суммируйте информацию о следующих формах ведения бизнеса в Великобритании.

• 
  individual business
  
• 
  general partnership
  
• 
  limited partnership
  
• 
  corporation
  
• 
  alien corporation
  

UNIT VII

Company Structure

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите ключевые выражения.

Most companies are made up of three groups of people: the shareholders (who provide the capital), the management and the workforce. The management structure of a typical company is shown in this organization chat:

Board of Directors

Managing Director

Senior Management

Middle Management

At the top of the company hierarchy is the Board of Directors, headed by the Chairperson or President. The Board is responsible for policy decisions and strategy. It will usually appoint a Managing Director or a Chief Executive Officer (CEO), who has overall responsibility for the running of the business. Senior management or company officers head the various departments or functions within the company, which may include the following:

- Marketing

- Finance

- Public Relations

- Production

- Information Technology or IT

- Personnel or Human Resources

- Research and Development or R and D

Philips company is the best example of a multinational company with almost 30,000 trademarks registered worldwide. The organization chart of this company can be presented in the following way:

President

Board of Management




Supervisory Board




____________________Corporate Departments________________




Finance: IT Human Legal Communication

Accounting Resource Affairs and Public

and Control Management Relations
Задание 2. Определите, какой из вышеназванных отделов, имеет следующие обязанности:

• 
  in charge of company strategy and general policy
  
• 
  controls finance of the company
  
• 
  advices the Board of Management and supervises its policy
  
• 
  develops information technologies of the company
  
• 
  in charge of advertising
  
• 
  in charge of personnel recruitment
  
• 
  in charge of cooperation with other companies and customers
  
• 
  responsible for the general course of business
  
• 
  makes financial analysis and controls company performance
  
• 
  develops market research techniques
  
• 
  responsible for writing articles on Philips activities to the press
  
• 
  arranges and conducts interviews with candidates
  

Задание 3. Составьте схему структуры компании, в которой вы работаете, или которую вы хорошо знаете.
Задание 4. Прочитайте информацию о компании и заполните следующую визитную карточку компании.

Motorola maintains sales, services and manufacturing facilities throughout the world, conducting businesses on six continents. Its major business areas are: advanced electronic systems, components and services, two-way radios, paging and data communications, automotive, defense and space electronics and computers. It has the largest portfolio in the world of cellular phones. The CEO is Christopher Galvin and the headquarters are situated in Chicago. Sales in 1999 were $30.2 bn.

Name of company
Headquarters
Chairman
Business activities
Main Markets
Sales in 1999

FINAL TEST

1. 
   A profile usually contains information about …
   

1. 
   Hobbies, favourite films
   
2. 
   Present position and salary
   
3. 
   Relatives and friends
   
4. 
   Food allergy
   

2. 
   Her work … are to scan products, pack them in plastic bags, receive payments from customers.
   

1. 
   Clothes
   
2. 
   Hours
   
3. 
   Responsibilities
   
4. 
   Gang
   

3. 
   As a rule, … department selects the most suitable applications and prepares a short list of applicants to be invited for an interview.
   

1. 
   Human Resources
   
2. 
   Finance
   
3. 
   Research and Development
   
4. 
   Sale
   

4. 
   Nowadays many candidates have to work … in a company before they are offered a permanent offer.
   

1. 
   A probationary period
   
2. 
   A few days
   
3. 
   Several years
   
4. 
   A work gang
   

5. 
   When a company needs to employ new people, it may advertise the job in a newspaper or to use the services of … who will provide them with a list of suitable candidates.
   

1. 
   Travel agency
   
2. 
   Health-care agency
   
3. 
   Detective agency
   
4. 
   Recruitment agency
   

6. 
   I am interested in applying … the programmer position.
   

1. 
   Over
   
2. 
   With
   
3. 
   Of
   
4. 
   For
   

7. 
   A … is one- or two-page summary of your education, skills, accomplishments and experience.
   

1. 
   Covering letter
   
2. 
   Resume
   
3. 
   Job advertisement
   
4. 
   List of candidates
   

8. 
   A … interview is the type of interview where the interviewer meets the candidates in person.
   

1. 
   Group
   
2. 
   Face-to-face
   
3. 
   Telephone
   
4. 
   Technical
   

9. 
   The best way to answer interviewer’s question “What’s your career objective?” is …
   

1. 
   Well – for the time being to land a job.
   
2. 
   I don’t really know.
   
3. 
   I would like to get a position of a manager in the field of Public Relations. I understand though that I need a lot of additional training to achieve it.
   
4. 
   I guess I can earn a good amount of money.
   

10. 
    The person interviewing you is probably:
    

1. 
   A trained interviewer
   
2. 
   Trying to psych you out
   
3. 
   Just as nervous as you
   
4. 
   Trying to trap you
   

11. 
    What kind of businesses doesn’t operate in the United Kingdom?
    

1. 
   Individual business
   
2. 
   Sole trader
   
3. 
   Partnership
   
4. 
   Limited liability company
   

12. 
    What business is owned by one person?
    

1. 
   Individual business
   
2. 
   Limited partnership
   
3. 
   General partnership
   
4. 
   Alien corporation
   

13. 
    Who is at the top of the company hierarchy?
    

1. 
   Workforce
   
2. 
   Middle management
   
3. 
   Senior management
   
4. 
   Board of Directors
   

14. 
    What is the official currency of the UK?
    

1. 
   Dollar
   
2. 
   Pound sterling
   
3. 
   Crown
   
4. 
   Yuan
   

15. 
    The board of directors is responsible … policy decisions and strategy.
    

1. 
   Of
   
2. 
   At
   
3. 
   For
   
4. 
   Upon
   

16. 
    Americans use the abbreviation Inc. when …
    

1. 
   The company is incorporated outside the USA in a foreign country.
   
2. 
   The company is incorporated with the authorities in the state where they have its headquarter.
   
3. 
   The company is owned by persons, called stockholders.
   
4. 
   The company is owned by one person.
   

17. 
    When the hotel is reasonable, it means that the hotel is …
    

1. 
   Cheap
   
2. 
   Expensive
   
3. 
   Free
   
4. 
   Measurable
   

18. 
    An application form usually has some compulsory sections. Put them in the correct order.
    

1. 
   References
   
2. 
   Personal details
   
3. 
   Education
   
4. 
   Activities
   
5. 
   Personal Experience
   
6. 
   Skills
   

19. 
    An application letter usually has a four-section format. Put the sections into the correct order.
    

1. 
   The section that reiterates your interst in the job and looks forward to discussing your strength with the employer.
   
2. 
   The section that states what job you are applying for and how you learned about the vacancy.
   
3. 
   The section that deals with your qualification and experience.
   
4. 
   The section that that demonstrates that you have the necessary quantities.
   

20. 
    Put all the stages of the company hierarchy into the correct order beginning from the top.
    

1. 
   Workers
   
2. 
   President
   
3. 
   Senior managers
   
4. 
   Middle managers
   

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