Определение перевода. Типы перевода

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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

«Московский государственный лингвистический университет»

(ФГБОУ ВПО МГЛУ)

Хрестоматия текстов для перевода

по профессиональной тематике

по дисциплине

Профессионально ориентированный перевод

(второй иностранный язык)

(английский язык)

Пилотная версия. Электронный источник.

Специальность

071201 «Библиотечно-информационная деятельность»

Квалификация – референт-аналитик информационных ресурсов

Москва 2012

Составители:	Гольденберг Е.В., ст.преподаватель кафедры второго иностранного языка педагогических факультетов ФГБОУ ВПО МГЛУ
	(Ф.И.О., ученая степень, ученое звание, должность)

Ответственный редактор:	Волина С.А., к., филол. наук, профессор кафедры второго иностранного языка педагогических факультетов ФГБОУ ВПО МГЛУ
	(Ф.И.О., ученая степень, ученое звание, должность)

Раздел I

Письменный перевод с английского языка на русский язык профессионально-ориентированных текстов
TEXT 1
Тема 1. Определение перевода. Типы перевода.
The Difference between Translation and Interpreting

Interpreting and translation are two closely related linguistic disciplines. Yet they are rarely performed by the same people. The difference in skills, training, aptitude and even language knowledge are so substantial that few people can do both successfully on a professional level.

On the surface, the difference between interpreting and translation is only the difference in the medium: the interpreter translates orally, while a translator interprets written text. Both interpreting and translation presuppose a certain love of language and deep knowledge of more than one language.
The Skill Profile of Technical Translators

The differences in skills are arguably greater than their similarities. The key skills of the translator are the ability to understand the source language and the culture of the country where the text originated, then using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials, to render that material clearly and accurately into the target language. In other words, while linguistic and cultural skills are still critical, the most important mark of a good translator is the ability to write well in the target language.

Even bilingual individuals can rarely express themselves in a given subject equally well in both languages, and many excellent translators are not fully bilingual to begin with. Knowing this limitation, a good translator will only translate documents into his or her native language. This is why we at Language Scientific absolutely require our technical translators only translate into their native language, in addition to their subject matter expertise.

An interpreter, on the other hand, must be able to translate in both directions on the spot, without using dictionaries or other supplemental reference materials. Interpreters must have extraordinary listening abilities, especially for simultaneous interpreting. Simultaneous interpreters need to process and memorize the words that the source-language speaker is saying now, while simultaneously outputting in the target language the translation of words the speaker said 5-10 seconds ago. Interpreters must also posess excellent public speaking skills and the intellectual capacity to instantly transform idioms, colloquialisms and other culturally-specific references into analogous statements the target audience will understand.
Interpreter Qualifications

Interpreting, just like translation, is fundamentally the art of paraphrasing—the interpreter listens to a speaker in one language, grasps the content of what is being said, and then paraphrases his or her understanding of the meaning using the tools of the target language. However, just as you cannot explain a thought to someone if you did not fully understand that thought, neither can you translate or interpret something without mastery of the subject matter being relayed.

It simply cannot be overstated: when choosing an interpreter, his or her expert knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as their interpreting experience..
Language Scientific's interpreters possess the following skills:

Thorough knowledge of the general subject to be interpreted Intimate familiarity with both cultures
Extensive vocabulary in both languages
Ability to express thoughts clearly and concisely in both languages
Excellent note-taking techniques for consecutive interpreting
At least 2-3 years of booth experience for simultaneous interpreting

http://www.languagescientific.com/translation-services/multilingual-interpreting-services/interpreting-vs-translation-services.html

Тема 2. Проблемы перевода. Требования к переводу.
TEXT 2
Advice for Beginners
After years of receiving long lists of questions, both personally and through our associations, and after answering hundreds of e-mails, we've decided to compile typical beginners' concerns into a few posts about how to enter the profession. Remember that building a business in the languages industry is a lot of work.

We'd like to start the series off with this exercise. If you don't like to do at least five out of the following, you should reconsider running your own business. While in-house positions are rare, they do exist, and there's absolutely nothing wrong with not wanting to be an entrepreneur.

Writing. If you don't enjoy writing, you probably shouldn't be a translator either in-house or freelance. Essentially, you are a writer. Since you will be writing for a living, you better love it.
Marketing. If you don't like selling and promoting your services, then running a business is not for you. Sure, you can outsource some of that, but this will all cut into your profit. There are a variety of ways for introverts to market their services, but essentially, as a small business owner, you need to be comfortable with being in a sales position.
Self-confidence. If you don't think you are good and that your services are valuable, then no one else will, either. No one wants an insecure linguist. You don't have to know everything, but you need to come across as competent and sure of yourself to customers. If you don't have that skill, work on it: take a public speaking course, an improv class, or head to the library for some reading materials....these skills can be acquired.
IT/computer skills. Do you break out in nervous hives when you have to install new software? Are you generally uncomfortable with computer tasks? If you are used to calling the help desk when Outlook crashes and never learned how to map your own drives, it's time to pick up some of these skills before you start your own business. Again, you could outsource some tasks, but in order to make a living, especially in the beginning, you need to be as self-sufficient as possible.
Organization. There are different levels of organization, and different things work for different people, but in general, if you spend more than a few minutes looking for what you need, you are not using your time effectively. This applies to both paper and electronic documents. Your time is the only resource you have, so use it smartly.
Basic math and taxation. There's no need to do three-dimensional calculus, but you should have basic math proficiency (yes, even as a liberal arts person). Chances are that you are not familiar with taxation issues, so go to the library, get a book. If you don't like number-related paperwork, you might need to rethink your strategy.
Meeting new people. Growing a business, in essence, comes down to one thing: increasing the amount of people who know about you and your services. There are many ways to do this, but basically, you need to meet more people, either in person or online. Get your 30-second elevator speech ready, dress nicely, be ready to network, and don't be pushy. You don't have to perfect the art of meeting people like Bill Clinton has done (see picture), but if meeting new people makes you nervous, then perhaps you are better off working in-house.
Procrastination and determination. You won't have a boss to check on your deadlines. No one will be telling you what to do -- except your clients. Hence, you have to be very disciplined and determined to run a business. If you are not, you will fail. The same is true for procrastination: we have yet to meet a successful entrepreneur who regularly procrastinates. Take an honest look at your personality: perhaps you need to work in a hierarchical structure to get motivated -- and there's absolutely nothing wrong with that.

This is just a short exercise to get us started. Experienced translators: is there anything you'd like to add to this list? Beginning linguists: we would love to know if this introduction was helpful to you.
http://translationtimes.blogspot.ru/2010/10/advice-for-beginners.html

Тема 3. Понятие переводческих соответствий, трансформаций. Единицы перевода, переводческие приёмы.
TEXT 3
How a Library Works
Management: the brain, it makes decisions processes information. (Hey maybe they don't make great decisions, but they make the decisions :)

Collection Development: The eyes, need to find good things to eat, books. If you can't find books that are good, you won't have a healthy body.

Reference/Outreach: the mouth, the ability to speak. If you cannot speak, people cannot gain your knowledge or find out more about you.

Circulation/Technology: The heart, keeps the body alive. Without the heart, the body would die (aka library would close).

Technical Services: The digestion system, it digests and processes the food (new books) that enters the system. Without this function, the body cannot add new books and build a healthy body, eventually making it unhealthy and ultimately killing the body.

Programming: The muscles, the body needs exercise, programming provides a variety of activities to keep the body (and mind) sharp.
How the library works
Libraries make it possible to freely partake of whatever information you seek. They also provide access to ideas and creativity. Libraries are resources for education and research. They support life long learning, independent decision making and cultural development. Libraries contribute to intellectual freedom and safe guard democratic values and human rights.

In Sweden we have one national library, Kungliga Biblioteket (the Royal Library), 290 public libraries with over 1100 branches throughout the country; there are 90 book buses with 9000 stations; 70 research libraries with close to 200 service stations; approximately 4000 school libraries; several hundred libraries attached to authorities and institutions, as well as specialized libraries; there are close to 100 hospital libraries.

On these pages we have assembled practical information about the International Library and other libraries of Sweden.
Public Libraries in Sweden
The Library Law in Sweden requires that every municipality have a library. Libraries are open to all citizens and borrowing books is free of charge.

Most municipalities have one central library with a number of branches. The idea is that everyone always have access to a library. One can not only borrow books, but most libraries also have talking books, video films, newspapers and magazines. Many have computers and internet services for borrow or rent.

The library is frequently a cultural center. Arrangements can be made for reading hours for children and childrens' theatre, visits by authors and poetry recitals etc. In some instances pupils are offered assistance with homework, or there are legal counsellors available for advice. Many libraries arrange writing courses for children and adults.

For those who can not come to the library there are usually special services. Some times there are book buses, and in many places there is also a special service “the book comes” for the sick or handicapped.

Тема 4. Понятие переводческой эквивалентности и адекватности.
TEXT 4

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