MUST
Ex. 1. Read and translate. Explain the meaning of the modal verb must.
1. Who says A must say В. 2. Knowledge must be gained by ourselves. 3. What everybody says must be true. 4. What can't be cured must be endured. 5. I felt sure it must be a ghost, a visitor from another world. 6. I think we must rely only on ourselves. 7. We must not look for a golden life in an iron age. 8. Caesar's wife must be above suspicion. And so should Caesar. 9. Well, I must have looked an ass. 10. My matches have fallen out. I must go and buy some. 11. At work today, my boss told me that I must stop sleeping. 12. He realized he must do it. 13. Henry must be still sleeping. 14. – Must I send the fax and write the contract today? – You needn't send the fax, but you certainly must write the contract.
Ex. 2. Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. His German is very poor. He must (study/be studying/have studied) very hard. 2. His German is very good, he must (study/be studying/have studied) very hard. 3. His German has considerably improved, he must (study/be studying/have studied) hard during his holiday. 4. He must (study/be studying/have been studying) German these two years, his German is rather rich and fluent. 5. She must (have taken/be taking/have been taking) a bath at that moment that's why she did not answer your call. 6. She must (be/be being/have been) at home now, we saw her leaving the office. 7. She must (be/be being/have been) at home, she can't go away because there is no one to look after her sick mother. 8. You must always (think/be thinking/have thought) twice before you say anything. 9. Now he must (think/be thinking/have thought) of what she has said. 10. He knows they are coming. They must (write/be writing/have written) to him of their arrival in due time. 11. She must (play/be playing/have been playing) the piano now. 12. The foreigner must (understand/understood/have understood) me, for he nodded his head. 13. Where is Sara? I haven't seen her for a long time. – She must (stay/be staying/have stayed) at her friends'. She wanted to spend July with them. 14. He must (get/be getting/ have got) all he needed, otherwise he would have come again. 15. We must (meet/have met/have been meeting) somewhere before.
Ex. 3. Open the brackets and use the proper infinitive after the verb must.
1. Look! All people in the street are going with their umbrellas up. It must (rain). 2. He has changed his job. He must (follow) your advice. 3. He must (fall) ill. Otherwise he would have come to the party. 4. Where is Michael? He must (be) here by now. – He lives in the country. He must (miss) the train. 5. What a dreadful noise! What is the matter? – Our neighbors must (quarrel) again. 6. Nobody must (notice) that he was not used to speaking in public. 7. The criminal must (be) very careful. He did not leave any fingerprints. 8. We are late, I am afraid, Ann must (wait) for us. 9. He must (forget) that he promised to come. 10. They must (write) a composition for two hours. They must (be) tired. 11. You must (misunderstand) me, I did not want to hurt your feelings. 12. Nobody must (see) him enter. Everybody startled when he came in. 13. I hear someone's steps outside. She must (go). 14. You may find him in the garden. He must (read). 15. It is impossible to change anything. One must (take) things as they are.
Ex. 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb must.
1. They are in Greece. I am sure they are enjoying themselves. 2. She is an experienced teacher. I am certain she has been working at school for at least twenty years. 3. They have probably finished painting the house. 4. I feel sure she is at home. 5. Probably they have already crossed the frontier. 6. She is sure he is playing cards with his friends. 7. She is not very young, as she seems to be. I think she is nearly forty. 8. I think you have visited this place before. 9. He has to do a very urgent task. I feel sure he is working now. 10. He is so absent-minded. I am sure he left the letter unanswered. 11. You know he is a good tennis player. There is no doubt he has won that match. 12. I shan't bother you any longer; no doubt you feel tired of my talking after a tiring day. 13. It is clear that they are expecting somebody. 14. She was obviously upset by something; I never saw her so nervous. 16. The youth is probably reading something funny. He is smiling all the time.
Ex. 5. Translate into English.
1. Вы должны следовать инструкции и не должны нажимать на эту кнопку. 2. Чтобы преподавать грамматику, вы должны понять, что язык – это система. 3. Чтобы приготовить хороший торт, нужно сначала хорошенько взбить яйца. 4. Он, должно быть, очень силен. Посмотрите на его бицепсы. 5. Ты не должна приходить домой так поздно. Ты должна понять, что это опасно. 6. – Нужно ли связаться с агентством сегодня же? – Нет, не нужно. Но нужно сделать это завтра. 7. Вам нужно уходить. Вы, должно быть, устали. 8. Вы должны приходить на работу вовремя. 9. Мэр должен принять срочные меры.
Ex. 6. Translate into English using the verb must and its equivalents.
1. Он, должно быть, слышал об этом. 2. Этот дом, должно быть, построен в начале столетия. 3. Вы не должны прекращать работу, пока вы ее не закончите. 4. У них, вероятно, сейчас урок. 5. Не огорчайся, он, должно быть, сделал это случайно. 6. Он, вероятно, сейчас спит. 7. Я ищу этот дом вот уже полчаса и нигде не могу его найти. Должно быть, она дала мне неправильный адрес. 8. Мне не пришлось делать этот чертеж. 9. Он, вероятно, не успел закончить работу к пятнице и был вынужден потратить на нее все выходные, т.к. ее нужно было закончить к понедельнику. 10. Она, должно быть, не полила сад. Земля очень сухая. 11. Выбора не было, и им пришлось согласиться. 12. Она, должно быть, ждет нас дома. 13. Она должна ждать нас дома. 14. Ей, наверное, не сказали, что мы уже вернулись. 15. Ей пришлось извиниться, хотя это и было неприятно.
Ex. 7. Fill in the blanks with must, may, or might.
A) must B) may C) might
1. _____ I borrow your ruler? 2. It isn't certain, but he _____ be a millionaire in two years' time. 3. That _____ be Charlie. He said he would be here about now. 4. You _____ make a little less noise. 5. Jane _____ still be in her office, but she usually leaves before six. 6. The house repairs _____ cost more than the house is worth. 7. It was so quiet that one _____ hear a leaf drop. 8. Nobody _____ leave the hall before the exam has finished. 9. He himself gave me the directions so they _____ be right. 10. You were lucky. You _____ have broken your neck, Jim. 11. There _____ be a heavy frost during the night. 12. You must drive on the left in England. 13. There _____ be a leak in this football; otherwise it wouldn't get soft so quickly. 14. She noticed that she _____ be late. 15. He _____ be clever, but he hasn't got much common sense. 16. George _____ be strong: he can lift heavy weights. 17. _____ the New Year bring everybody their heart desires.
Ex. 8. Revision: translate the following sentences into English using can, may or must wherever possible.
1. Я не понимаю, как ты мог вести себя так глупо. 2. Я невольно подумал, что мисс Грей выдала себя этими словами. 3. Он двигался так тихо, что не мог бы побеспокоить сон самого чуткого человека. 4. Где мои очки? Здесь их нет. Должно быть, я оставил их дома. 5. Я должен оставаться здесь весь день? 6. Он спросил, может ли он положиться на меня. 7. Он спросил, не могу ли я позаниматься с его классом на следующем уроке. 8. Когда ребенок так болен, вы, должно быть, чувствуете себя ужасно. 9. Вы должны найти его и привезти сюда со всеми его материалами. 10. «Это, наверное, совсем не похоже на ваш дом», – сказал Барт. 11. Я сказал, что он может взять мою машину. 12. Мне это совершенно безразлично. 13. Она понимала, что он должен чувствовать. 14. Он не может быть старше вас больше чем на три или четыре года. 15. Погода еще может измениться к лучшему. 16. Не может быть, чтобы она этого не знала. 17. В понедельник я еще не смогу дать вам определенный ответ. 18. Возможно, они еще не приехали.19. Возможно, они еще ведут следствие по этому делу. 20. Возможно, они были на вечере, но я их не видел. 21. И кто это мог зажечь свет в моей комнате? 22. Отец очень сердит. Что ты опять натворил? 23. Уже совсем темно. Я, наверное, очень долго спал. 24. Он, вероятно, скоро позвонит нам. 25. Неужели он велел вам прийти сюда? 26. «Где мой ключ?» – «Ты, наверное, его потерял». – «Не может быть, чтобы я его потерял. Я, возможно, оставил его в кармане пальто».
Ex. 9. Revision: fill in the blanks with can (be able), may or must.
1. "Will you know where to go?" "Yes, thank you. I ... always ask my brother." 2. "Didn't she hear our shouting?" "She says she heard nothing." "She ... have wandered a long way." 3. What ... he have meant when he said it? 4. He hesitated and said, "I ... go to South America. As a tea planter." I said, "I ... be wrong, Jason, but I don't think they grow tea in South America." 5. He ... have flown off after he dropped us. He ... not land here. Not in a plane with wheels. 6. "I'd give anything to meet that fellow." "We ... see what ... be done." 7. Cindy ... have laughed aloud. Instead, she nodded. 8. You ... hardly have been more surprised than I was. 9. The old man cupped his ear in his palm. "I think I ... be getting deaf. I ... not hear you." 10. "There was someone on the phone for you," he said. "Oh, who?" "I don't know, he didn't say. Some man." "It ... have been Mike." "I know Mike. It wasn't Mike." "Oh. Then I ... not think who it ... have been." 11. Mr Fox ... not come. He sent me to represent him. 12. I went straight from the station to the club and played billiards. It ... have been after eleven when I reached the flat. 13. Oh, you ... drink things steaming! ... you eat eggs with the shells on, too? 14. She was beginning to want to ask him in but she knew that she ... not do it yet. 15. It's a most interesting story. He ... not possibly have invented it. You ... have told him something. 16. I've other things to attend to which ... be put through immediately. 17. I admire your mother's looks. She ... have been a lovely girl. 18. The apples are very good. You ... eat them all. 19. My wife ... leave the hospital in a week's time. 20. My wife ... to leave the hospital a few days ago.
Ex. 10. Revision: fill in the blanks with can (be able), may or must.
1. I'm trying to think where he ... have gone. 2. Of course it occurred to me that if he had found the watch as he said, it ... have been lying in the garden for more than a year. 3. He began absently to eat one of the buttered biscuits. He'd lose his appetite if his wife didn't hurry up. She ... be talking to Frau Schmidt. 4. A day or two later Mrs Strickland sent me a note asking if I ... go and see her that evening after dinner. 5. "I don't know why he did it." "It ... have amused him." 6. "You know, I'm a bit of a writer myself in a small way." "What are you writing? A novel?" "Oh, come off it. I ... not write a novel. No, it's a sort of history of the regiment, as a matter of fact." 7. "He's up in Barbie's room. He's decorating it with shells. He ... have brought in a ton." 8. "She's gone out. Something awful ... have happened." "How ... she have got out? The door is locked." 9. I'm going to tell him that he ... not do any building here.
10. They say the driver ... have been going fifty miles round that blind corner for the body to have been thrown and injured like it was. 11. She looked unusually pale and gloomy. I wondered what ... have upset her. 12."... you drive a car, Mooey?" "Yes, indeed I ... ," he answered. 13. You ... be very prosperous, Eustace, to own a car like that. 14. Obviously Haviland had worked late the night before, as he ... have done for several nights in a row, because he looked drawn and pale. 15. The water of the pool ... have been heated for it steamed gently in the beams of the lamps. 16. Mr Hardy takes a lot of aspirin. He ... have had at least twelve tablets during the day. 17.The man danced very well. He ... have spent hours taking lessons, Jack thought. 18. "At least I want to keep my mind occupied." "You ... get a good book and read it." 19. We ... not exaggerate the situation. 20. "I thought the English were great lovers of dogs." "We think Americans love dollars, but there ... be exceptions."
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