Учебное пособие по английскому языку Издательство
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С. Discussion 1. Choose one of the first Russian pilots and speak on his outstanding achievements in aviation. 2. Work in pairs. Student A is a journalist, student B is a representative of the Russian company at the Farnborough air show. Discuss the achievements of Russia there. Then prepare an interview. Use the following words to introduce a list of ideas: firstly, secondly, finally. Unit 2. International Civil Aviation Organizations Active vocabulary 1. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - международная организация гражданской авиации; 2. headquarters – штаб-квартира; 3. to gather – собрать, собирать; 4. air navigation – аэронавигация; 5. to encourage – поощрять, стимулировать; 6. traffic services- службы обслуживания воздушного движения; 7. International Air Transport Association (IATA) – международная ассоциация воздушного транспорта; 8. to unite – объединить, объединять; 9. objective – цель, задача; 10. to provide – обеспечить, предоставить; 11. to contribute – содействовать, способствовать, внести вклад; 12. maintenance deficiencies - недостатки обслуживания; 13. data – данные; 14. to investigate – расследовать, исследовать; 15. to conform – соответствовать; 16. International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Association (IFATCA) - международная федерация авиадиспетчеров; 17. airspace – воздушное пространство; 18. peculiarity – особенность, своеобразие. Guess the meaning of the following words: nationality, conference, coordination agency, to standardize, territory, Convention, principles and techniques, technical specifications, meteorology, information services, aviation specialists, world airlines, concentrate, cooperation, association, procedures, European organization. A. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) It is known that the pioneers of aviation were men of different nationalities and of many countries: Deadalus and Leonardo de Vinci, Lilienthal and Bleriot, Mozhaiski and the Wright brothers and others. So the aeroplane is a creature of no one country's knowledge and efforts. A peculiarity of air transport made it clear from the start that the development of aviation was impossible without international agreement. That's why the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was created. It happened in 1944 at a conference of 52 nations held in Chicago. At present there are about 200 member States in ICAO. Its headquarters is in Canada, Montreal. The working languages of ICAO are English, French, Spanish and Russian. Russia has been the member of ICAO since 1970. It is very difficult to describe all of ICAO's activities. ICAO solves many problems on the international level. ICAO has a coordination agency. One of its purposes is to gather knowledge widely scattered among nations and to standardize the equipment and operational techniques used in air navigation in and over the territories of its member-states. The main task of ICAO is the flight safety. The aims of the Organization are spelt out in Article 44 of the Chicago Convention. These are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation, to plan and develop international air transport; to encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes; to encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation, and so on. To ensure the safe and efficient worldwide aviation operation ICAO has developed technical specifications forming the basis for uniform rules and procedures. Standardization affects the air-worthiness of aircraft, facilities and services required for aircraft operations elsewhere. These include: aerodromes, communications, navigational aids, meteorology, air traffic services, .search and rescue, information services. ICAO is doing much to make the air more clear. There are special standards to reduce noise by designing new quieter aircraft. ICAO has set up standards for air crew and controllers as well. IСAO is also doing much to prepare and train aviation specialists. B. International Air Transport Association (IATA) The second in its importance organization after ICAO for international civil aviation is IATA - International Air Transport Association founded in 1945. It is one of the international civil aviation organizations uniting world airlines. IATA is concentrated on the safety problem. Its main objective is to contribute to safe and regular development of civil aviation and to cooperation of world airlines. Its Technical Committee deals with the problem of safety, standardization of aviation equipment, training of flying personnel, communications, meteorology, aerodromes, navigational aids, etc. All IATA members report the data on flying, taxying and other ground incidents including maintenance deficiencies. Flight safety experts, aviation specialists and scientists of the member States investigate these accidents to prevent them in future. Russia is a member of IATA, it conforms to the IATA's standards, procedures and documents which is of great importance for studying and solving the problems which IATA deals with. C. IFATCA and Eurocontrol International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Association (IFATCA) was founded in 1961 with the purpose to enable the national associations to study and solve the problems for the development of air traffic control art and to create a better understanding among the controllers serving international aviation. Eurocontrol is the European organization working for air navigation safety. It was created in 1963 for better service of European airspace. The increase of fast flying civil transport aircraft brought a number of difficulties and resulted in the necessity of new operating methods and use of advanced technology. Some European countries have signed the agreement of cooperation for the safety of air navigation and organized common air traffic services in the upper airspace. A. Comprehension 1. Read text A. Arrange the sentences below in the order they appear in the text. 1) Russia has been the member of ICAO since 1970. 2) The aeroplane is a creature of no one country's knowledge and efforts. 3) ICAO has set up standards for air crew and controllers. 4) ICAO solves many problems on the international level. 5) The main task of ICAO is the flight safety. 2. Read texts B and C. Choose the sentences which contain information about: 1) safety problem; 2) ground incidents; 3) great importance; 4) air traffic control; 5) the agreement of cooperation. 3. Answer the following questions: 1. What is ICAO? 2. When and where was ICAO created? 3. How many member States are there in ICAO? 4. How long has Russia been the member of ICAO? 6. Where is the ICAO's headquarters? 7. What are the working languages of ICAO? 8. Where are the main aims of ICAO spelt out? 9. How does ICAO ensure the safe and efficient aviation operation? 10. What for are the uniform rules and procedures required? 11. What is IATA concentrated on? 12. Who report the data on flying, taxying and other ground incidents? 13. Why was IFATCA founded? 14. What agreement have some European countries signed in Eurocontrol? B. Vocabulary practice 1. Give the Russian equivalents for: 1) international agreement; 2) member States; 3) to solve many problems; 4) widely scattered; 5) in and over the territories; 6) to develop the principles; 7) the arts of aircraft design; 8) air navigation facilities; 9) to ensure the efficient aviation; 10) to contribute to regular development of civil aviation; 11) to be of great importance; 2. Complete the following sentences: 1) The development of aviation was impossible without international…….. a) services; b) agreement; c) level. 2) ICAO has developed technical……. forming the basis for uniform rules. a) problems; b) cooperation; c) specifications. 3) There are special …….. to reduce noise. a) standards; b) principles; c) communications. 4) Its main objective is to contribute to safe and regular ….. of civil aviation. a) flights; b) rules; c) development. 5) IFATCA was founded with the purpose to create a better ….. among the controllers. a) equipment; b) understanding; c) knowledge. 3. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once. Civil, air, working, to solve, to gather, flight, peaceful, information, to reduce, to sign. 1)…………noise; 6)………. transport; 2)………….agreement; 7)……….purposes; 3)…………..aviation; 8)………..problems; 4)…………..languages; 9)………..knowledge; 5)………….safety; 10)………..service. 4. Give the English equivalents for: Воздушный транспорт, безопасность полета, конструкция самолета, навигационные средства, правила воздушного движения, авиационные специалисты, проблема безопасности, информационная служба, мировые авиакомпании, воздушная навигация, полет самолета, специальные стандарты, мирные цели, международная авиация, воздушное пространство. 5. Fill in the missing conjunctions in the following sentences: 1) Russia conforms to the IATA's documents … is of great importance for solving the problems … IATA deals with. 2) It is known … the pioneers of aviation were men of different nationalities. 3) European countries have signed the agreement of cooperation … they want the safety of air navigation. 4) It happened at a conference of 52 nations in Chicago … at present there are about 200 member States in ICAO. 5) The development of aviation was impossible without international agreement … the International Civil Aviation Organization was created. 6) It was decided … ICAO would start working … the Convention was ratified by 26 states. 6. Fill in the following table using the information from the text.
7. Which word is the odd one out in each group and why? 1. English, Turkish, Spanish, Russian; 2. member, gather, pioneer, worker; 3. headquarters, airplane, worldwide, knowledge; 4. held, prepare, investigate, sign. 8. Form the adjectives from the following nouns and give their Russian equivalents. Difficulty, activity, cooperation, difference, necessity, creature, possibility, nation, peace, operation, navigation, efficiency, importance, cooperation. 9. Distribute the words below according to the parts of speech. Underline suffixes and prefixes. Translate the words. Verb Noun Adverb Adjective Knowledge, clear, describe, encourage, development, standardization, safety, airspace, efficient, widely, gather, understanding, international, fast, solve, equipment, operational, air-worthiness, happened, communication, main, task, conform, upper, develop, international, include, accidents, prevent, training. 10. Read the text. Fill in the correct preposition. … November 1944 … Chicago 52 nations signed the Convention … International Civil Aviation. The 96 Articles … the Convention provide … the adoption … international standards and recommended practices. It was decided that ICAO would come… being (start working) after the Convention was ratified … 26 states. It happened … the 4-th … April … 1947. Montreal was chosen as the headquarters … the Organization. The ICAO activities are numerous. The main task is to provide the necessary level … standardization …the safe and regular air operations. SAHRS (International Standard and Recommended practices) regulate air navigation, recommend installation … navigation facilities and suggest the reduction … customs formalities. International standards must be strictly observed … all member States. Recommended practices are desirable but not essential. ICAO has a Sovereign body, the Assembly, and a governing body, the Council. The Assembly meets once… 3 years and reviews the work… the technical, economic and legal fields … detail. One … the major Council duties is to adopt International Standards and Recommended Practices. It may act as an arbiter … Member States. And, general, it may take any steps necessary to maintain the safety and regularity … air operations. 11. Make these sentences a) interrogative, b) negative. 1) There are 18 Annexes to the Convention. 2) The Secretariat staff provides the permanent organizational work. 3) ICAO has 6 regional offices. 4) The working languages of ICAO are English, French, Spanish and Russian. 5) In 1958 the Warner Awards were established by ICAO for outstanding contributions to international civil aviation. 6) The development of aviation was impossible without international agreement. 7) The increase of civil transport aircraft brought a number of difficulties. 12. Translate the following sentences into English: Ясно, что невозможно обеспечить безопасный полет без международного сотрудничества. ИКАО была создана в 1944 г. на Конференции 52 наций в Чикаго. Штаб-квартира ИКАО находится в Канаде, в Монреале. В настоящее время в ИКАО около 200 стран – членов ИКАО. Россия не была членом ИКАО до 1970 г. ИКАО решает много проблем, но главная из них - безопасность полетов. Основная задача ИКАО – стандартизировать оборудование и технику, используемые в воздушной навигации над территориями ее стран - участников. Существуют общие правила полета и процедуры, которые все страны – участники должны соблюдать. ИКАО много делает для подготовки и тренировки авиационных специалистов, как пилотов, так и диспетчеров. В мире существуют и несколько других международных авиационных организаций. Так, например, члены ИАТА сообщают данные о катастрофах, которые произошли в их стране. А эксперты ИАТА расследуют эти катастрофы, чтобы предотвратить их в будущем. ИФАТКА помогает всем диспетчерам, обслуживающим международную авиацию, лучше понимать друг друга. Евроконтроль был создан для лучшего обслуживания европейского воздушного пространства. С. Discussion 1. Speak on one of the International Civil Aviation Organizations and describe its different activities, main tasks and purposes. Use the following words to express reality: in fact, in general, actually, as a matter of fact, in practice etc. 2. Work in pairs. You are the members of different International Civil Aviation Organizations. Ask each other questions discussing the problems they deal with. Unit 3. Modern Tendencies of Development Active vocabulary 1. link – связь; 2. vehicle – транспортное средство, машина; 3. freight – груз; 4. to assess – оценить, оценивать; 5. cockpit – кабина; 6. rudder – руль; 7. to retract – отказать, отказаться, убрать; 8. accommodation – размещение, проживание; 9. to expand – расширить, расширять; 10. landing gear – шасси, стойки шасси; 11. surface – поверхность, площадь; 12. high-capacity – высокая производительность, пропускная способность; 13. circumstance – обстоятельство; 14. to reveal – выявить, раскрыть, показать; 15. diversified – разнообразный; 16. apron – перрон; 17. to arrange – организовать, устроить, договориться; 18. to handle – обращаться, обрабатывать; 19.overhaul – капитальный ремонт; 20. double deck – двухэтажный; 21. to ensure – обеспечить, гарантировать; 22. aisle – проход, коридор; 23. Range – диапазон, спектр, ряд; 24. extensive – обширный; 25. payload – грузоподъемность, полезная нагрузка; 26. stretched – протянувшийся, растянутый; 27. to launch – запустить, запускать. Guess the meaning of the following words : distance, to patrol, resources, mineral, components, the fuselage, baggage, instruments, vertical stabilizer, horizontal, stability, maneuvering, structure, airport, theory, practice, charts, centre, hangars, character, factor, operation, function, radio communications, brigade, electricity, terminals, hotel, electronic, carousel, program, strategic, modifications. Aircraft In the dynamic world of today, aviation provides a rapid transportation link between different population centers. In many places the aeroplane is the only known vehicle for the large-scale movement of passengers and freight over large distances. The airplane has made it possible to patrol the forests, to fight their fires, to assess their timber resources and to plan their harvesting. It has made an enormous contribution to the photographing and mapping of the vast territories, to exploring and prospecting for mineral wealth and to studying and assessing the water resources. The main components of airplanes are as follows: 1. The fuselage is the main body of the airplane and contains the pilot's compartment (cockpit) and passenger and baggage compartments. The cockpit contains the flight controls and instruments. 2. The wings are the main lifting surfaces which support the aircraft in flight. Aircraft may be divided into monoplanes and biplanes. 3. The tail unit or empennage consists of a vertical stabilizer and rudder and the horizontal stabilizer and elevators to provide the necessary stability in flight. 4. The three basic flight control surfaces are the ailerons, the elevators and the rudder. 5. The power plant is the heart of the airplane. There are many types of engines: turboprop, turbojet, turbofan, rocket engines, etc. 6. The landing gear or undercarriage is used during maneuvering of the aircraft on the ground while taxying, taking off and landing. In flight the retractable landing gear is retracted into the wing or the fuselage structure. A. Comprehension 1. Read the text and answer the following questions: 1) What does aviation provide? 2) What are the main parts of the aircraft? 3. What does the fuselage contain? 4) Why are the wings required? 5) What does the tail unit provide? 6) What is the power plant? 7) What types of engines do you know? 8) When are the landing gears used? B. Vocabulary practice 1. Agree or disagree with the following statements: 1) The airplane has made a great contribution to exploring and prospecting for mineral wealth. 2) The wings are the main body of the airplane. 3) The cockpit and instruments support the aircraft in flight. 4) Vertical and horizontal stabilizers, rudder and elevators provide the necessary stability in flight. 5) The landing gear is used during assessing the water resources. 6) The heart of the airplane is the power plant. 2. Match the numbers to the letters. 1. aeroplane; a) cockpit; 2. tail unit; b) vehicle; 3. turboprop; c) type of engine; 4. landing gear; d) empennage; 5. compartment; e) territory; 6. area. f) undercarriage. 3. Give the Russian equivalents for: 1) rapid transportation link; 2) movement of passengers; 3) to plan harvesting; 4) to study the water resources; 5) main components; 6) lifting surfaces; 7) to provide the necessary stability; 8) the heart of the airplane; 9) rocket engines; 10) the only known vehicle. 4. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once. Dynamic, pilot’s, vertical, power, landing, main, transportation, large-scale. 1) ……..movement; 5) ………world; 2) ……..body; 6)………..stabilizer; 3)………link; 7)…………gear; 4) ……..compartment; 8)…………plant; 5. Which word is the odd one out in each group and why? 1. fuselage, wings, vehicle, empennage; 2. turboprop, turbojet, turbofan, turbine; 3. ailerons, cockpit, elevators, rudder; 4. prospecting, taxying, taking off, landing. 6. Give the English equivalents for: Населенные центры, минеральные и водные ресурсы, применение авиации, перевозка пассажиров, пассажирское и грузовое отделения, приборы самолета, навигационные приборы, рули управления самолетом, пилотская кабина, конструкция фюзеляжа, аварийная ситуация, поисково-спасательные операции. 7. Read the text. Fill in the gaps with words from the list. Established, terminal, airports, traffic, working, practice, post office, small, area, millions, provide, service. Airport There are airports in every country. In theory, an aircraft can fly an infinite number of paths through the air from any surface point to any other. In………, paths of flight lead from airport to airport. Aircraft not only need proper landing and taking off facilities. Moreover, those who use aircraft need services and accommodations which the airport must ………. In the early days of aviation when aeroplanes were ……. a cow pasture could be used as a "flying field". But with the continuous increase of air……. and the introduction of high-capacity aircraft it became necessary to expand airport facilities, to build new terminal buildings and to construct new ………. In the interest of aviation safety and air traffic assistance and control air traffic rules were ………... The rules relate chiefly to weather minima, flight altitudes and traffic patterns which are to be used under different circumstances. Much can be learned about the nature of a specific airport from aeronautical charts which pilots use. For example, the chart reveals the type and size of an airport, the radio facilities it uses and its altitude and location. The modern airport is a complex structure, a centre of most diversified services. ……….. of passengers and thousands of tons of airfreight are handled by modern airports. Thousands of people are ………… at airports. In practical any airport can be divided into two main parts: the landing area (runways and taxiways) and the terminal …. (aprons, buildings, car parking areas, hangars, etc.). There is also a third part - terminal air traffic control. The landing area includes runways and taxiways. The number of runways, their length and location depend on the volume and character of traffic, the prevailing wind direction and other factors. The runways and taxiways should be arranged so that to prevent delays on landing, taxying and take off operations. Aprons are required for aircraft to make final checks prior to departure. The main function of the ……… buildings is to handle the departing and arriving passengers and their baggage. Among the airport services are: flight assistance service, air traffic control services - airport traffic control, approach control, air route traffic control, radio communications and weather observation and forecasting service. At every airport there is a number of supplementary……… such as rescue and security services, an airport clinic, a fire brigade, special vehicles and equipment units (water trucks, tow tractors, etc.). Other services include maintenance, overhaul and repair of stationary and mobile equipment, the supply of electricity, water, heat and air conditioning. The facilities include runways, air navigational aids, passenger and cargo terminals. The airport has a hotel, a …….., bank offices, restaurants, car rental firms, etc. In the terminal there is everything for quick passenger handling: check-in desks, electronic flight information board of departure and arrival times, the baggage claim carousel and many others. 8. Choose the sentences which contain information about: 1) charts; 2) the landing area; 3) passenger handling; 4) aprons; 5) "flying field"; 6) supplementary services. 9. Give the Russian equivalents for: 1) take off facilities; 2) cow pasture; 3) air traffic assistance; 4) flight altitudes; 5) different circumstances; 6) aeronautical charts; 7) runways and taxiways; 8) wind direction; 9) prior to departure; 10) forecasting service; 11) air navigational aids. 10. Find four sentences in the text with grammatical structure there be (имеется кто-то/ что-то где-то). Translate them into Russian. 11. Fill in the correct form of the verb: 1) Aviation ….. a rapid transportation link between different population centers. a) provides; b) is providing; c) provide. 2) The facilities ….. runways, air navigational aids, passenger and cargo terminals a) includes; b) include; c) are including. 3) The chart ….. the type and size of an airport, the radio facilities. a) reveal; b) revealed; c) reveals. 4) The number of runways, their length and location ….. on the volume and character of traffic. a) are depending; b) depends; c) depend. 12. Fill in the following table:
13. Give English equivalents for: Средства посадки и взлета, правила управления воздушным движением, схема движения, радиосредства, зона посадки, преобладающее направления ветра, службы аэропорта, контроль подхода, наблюдение за погодой, служба поиска и спасания, обслуживание пассажиров, грузовой терминал. 14. Read the text and fill in the appropriate form of the verbs: Airbus A-380 The 555 seat, double deck Airbus A380 is the most ambitious civil aircraft program yet. When it … (enter) service in March 2006, the A380 … (be) the world's largest airliner. Airbus first …(begin) studies on a very large 500 seat airliner in the early 1990s. It all started as a strategic play to end Boeing's dominance of the very large airliner market and complete Airbus' product line-up. Key design aims … (include) the ability to use existing airport infrastructure with little modifications to the airports, and direct operating costs per seat 15-20% less than those for the 747-400. With 49% more floor space and only 35% more seating than the previous largest aircraft, Airbus … (ensure) wider seats and aisles for more passenger comfort. Using the most advanced technologies, the A380 is also designed to have 10-15% more range, lower fuel burn and emissions, and less noise. The A380 would feature an advanced version of the Airbus common two crew cockpit, with pull-out keyboards, for the pilots, extensive use of composite materials such as GLARE, and four turbofan engines now under development. Several A380 models are planned: the basic aircraft … (be) the 555 seat A380-800 and high gross weight A380-800, with the longer range A380-800R planned. The A380-800F freighter is able to carry a 150 tons payload. Future models … (include) the shortened, 480 seat A380-700, and the stretched, 656 seat, A380-900. The Airbus A380 … (be) officially launched on December 19, 2000, and production … (start) on January 23, 2002. 15. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once. Civil, operating, advanced, double, turbofan, crew, strategic, passenger. 1)………..deck; 5) ………..comfort; 2)………..aircraft; 6)………..play; 3)………..costs; 7)………..version; 4)………..cockpit; 8)……….engines. 16. Fill in the correct preposition, then make sentences using the completed phrases: 1) to begin studies ….; 2) ….. the late 1990s; 3) wider seats ….comfort; 4) a version …. the Airbus; 5) pull-… keyboard; 6) use ….composite materials; 7) ….development; 8) …. the longer range; 9) …. December 19; 10) … March 2006. 17. Make these sentences (a) interrogative, (b) negative. 1) Double deck Airbus A380 enters service in March 2006. 2) Airbus began studies on a large 500 seat airliner in 1990s. 3) Future models will include the shortened A380-700. 4) Airbus is ensuring wider seats and aisles for more passenger comfort. 5) The aeroplane has become the only known vehicle for the large-scale movement of passengers. 6) Before the production started in January 2002, the company had already launched The Airbus A380. 18. Translate the following sentences into English: Авиация применяется во многих аспектах общественной жизни. Она обеспечивает быструю перевозку пассажиров и груза из одной точки в другую. В некоторых местах авиация является единственным средством перевозки. Фюзеляж является основной частью самолета. Несущими поверхностями самолета являются крылья. Крылья и хвостовое оперение состоят из подвижных частей, таких как руль высоты, руль поворота, руль направления, стабилизатор, элерон. В кабине пилота много приборов, показывающих скорость и высоту полета, работу двигателя и другую информацию. Почти в каждом городе есть аэропорт, большой или маленький. Размер аэропорта зависит от объема перевозимых пассажиров и груза. С увеличением воздушного транспорта и с введением новых современных самолетов старые аэропорты расширяются и реконструируются. Для обеспечения безопасности полетов существуют правила воздушного движения. Аэробус А-380 является самым большим авиалайнером в мире. Он обеспечен более широкими сиденьями и проходами для большего удобства пассажиров. С. Discussion 1. Speak on the advantages of this airliner modification (Airbus A-380). Try to use the following phrases: in the first place (firstly), what is more (furthermore), in addition, moreover, all things considered. 2. Roleplay the following situation. You work at the airport. Choose one of the airport services and present its activity in class. Use the following words to move on to the next point: then, after this/ that, subsequently. |
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