МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
НЕГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«НОВЫЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ»
ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ ГРАММАТИКЕ
Казанцев С.А.
Электросталь-2013
Предисловие
Предлагаемый сборник упражнений предназначен широкому кругу учащихся – и студентам, и тем, кто самостоятельно изучает грамматику английского языка, и абитуриентам, готовящимся к вступительному экзамену по английскому языку в вуз. Пособие включает большое количество тренировочных упражнений по следующим темам: видо-временные формы личного глагола, пассивный залог, косвенная речь. Наибольшее количество упражнений направлено на отработку материала от понимания и практического усвоения которого зависит эффективность работы над последующими темами – это, прежде всего, ряд видо-временных форм (The Present indefinite tense; The Present continuous tense; The Present perfect tense; the Past indefinite tense; The Past continuous tense), а также различные способы выражения будущего времени.
Материал для упражнений отобран с таким расчетом, чтобы, с одной стороны, не создавать дополнительных лексических трудностей при работе с упражнениями, а с другой – служить образцом хорошего английского языка, что обеспечивает не только тренировку и закрепление того или иного грамматического правила, но и усвоение идиоматики английского языка. Другим принципом отбора материала, включенного в упражнения, является его типичность для английского языка как по лексике и грамматике, так и по ситуациям. В силу этого последнего обстоятельства материал упражнений приобретает познавательную ценность в страноведческом плане.
Виды упражнений определяются характером грамматического материала, подлежащего тренировке. Большое значение придается упражнениям, содержащим примеры для анализа и объяснения употребления того или иного грамматического явления, что позволяет преподавателю одновременно решать несколько методических задач. Во-первых, упражнения на анализ дают преподавателю возможность проверить знание обучающимися грамматических правил и правильное их понимание. Во-вторых, они создают хорошую основу для того, чтобы научить обучающихся логически формулировать мысли на английском языке. В-третьих, анализируя упражнения, студент учится не только понимать иллюстрируемое явление, но и видеть контекст, в котором это явление функционирует, а также различные лексико-грамматические маркеры. В-четвертых, характер грамматического материала и лексическая наполняемость упражнений создают благоприятные условия для развития навыков устной речи, при этом преподаватель должен следить, чтобы изучаемое явление функционировало в словосочетаниях и предложениях типичных для английского синтаксиса, отражающих естественные ситуации.
Всегда необходимо помнить, что глубокому пониманию того или иного грамматического явления способствует изучение этого явления в условиях сопоставления – особенно этот метод эффективен при изучении видо-временных форм (Present Continuous – Present Simple; Present Perfect – Past Simple; Past Simple – Past Continuous etc.). При сопоставительном анализе функционирования грамматических форм важно научить студента видеть взаимодействие передаваемого значения и контекста.
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1 to be (was\were, been)
-be away, in, out
-for, against sth
-be on
-be in | out of order
-be present, absent, busy, free
-be well, ill
-be right, wrong
-be over, married, sure
-be fond of, interested in
2 to have (had)
-meals, dinner, tea
-have sth on
-have a wash, a smoke, a walk, a swim, a look
3 to play sth\ with
-play the piano, the guitar
-play football, golf
-for money, pleasure
4 to look at\for\after\ through
-look well, bad, ill, nice
-look like sb
5 5 to go (went, gone) to
-go home
-go by car, train, bus, air
-go on foot
-go on a trip, excursion
-go swimming, fishing, shopping, skiing
-go in for sport
6 to come (came, come) to
-come home, come in, out of, across sb
7 to get (got) up, to, in, out,
-get on, off a bus, train
to find (found)
- find sth out
-find oneself in
to lose (lost)
10 to leave (left)
-leave the office, a message
-leave for Moscow
to stay at (sb's flat, hotel) for (dinner)
-stay indoors, outdoors,
to wash (sth with)
to watch
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to clean
to work (on sth, for sb)
to think (thought) of, about
to understand (understood)
to fall (fell, fallen)
to talk of , about
to tell (told) sb sth
to speak (spoke, spoken)
to say (said) sth to sb
to listen to
to hear (heard) (of, about)
-hear from sb
to forget (forgot, forgotten)
to decide to do sth
to cry (at)
to shout at
to become (became, become) sth
to meet (met)
to smile at
to laugh at
to visit sb, sth
to cross
to choose (chose, chosen)
to brush
to build (built)
to walk
to finish
to end (sth with)
to wait for
to buy (bought)
to pay (paid)
to sell (sold)
to cost (cost)
to use
to send (sent)
to spend (spent)
to waste
to rest
to grow (grew, grown)
to catch (caught)
to carry (on)
to pick (up)
to hang (hung)
to ring (rang, rung)
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57 to see (saw, seen)
-see sb off
-see to sth
-see sb home\to the cinema
-let me see, I see, you see
to feel (felt) well-bad, ill, good, tired, fine, at home
to run (ran, run)
-to run a factory
-to run out of sth, across sb
to bring (brought)
-bring sb up
to take (took, taken)
-it takes sb (time) to do sth
-take a bus, train, taxi
-take(have) coffee for breakfast
-take pictures, an exam
-take part in sth -take it easy
-take sth off
to give (gave, given) sth up
to try (to do sth)
to do (did, done)
-a room, one's hair
-exercises, lessons, work, tasks
-do one's best
-do sb a favour
-do sb a lot good (bad, harm)
-that will (won't) do
65 to make (made)
-a coat, dinner, tea
-a speech, a report, a list -a mistake, an offence
-money, profit, a living
-friends, enemies
-progress, an appointment
-make up one's mind
-make sb do sth
66 to know(knew, known) sth, about, of sth
-as far as I know
-you never know with sb
-know sb by sight, name, sb's works
-to come(get) to know sb
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to call (on sb, for sb)
-call off sth.
to want-sth, to do sth
69 to like sth
-Do as you like
70 to let (let) sb do
-let sb know
-let bygones be bygones
71 to sit (sat) at sth, on sth, in sth
-to sit exams
-to sit back
72 to stand (stood)
-can't stand sth
-to stand by sb
-to stand for
73 to eat (ate, eaten) (slowly, quickly, with pleasure)
74 to drink (drank, drunk)
to help sb with sth, out, up
-Help yourself (to sth)
-can't help doing sth
to fall (down, asleep, in love, out of love, ill)
to shut (shut)
to close
to open
to put (put)
-to put sth off
-to put on a dress
-to put on a play, music show
-put on weight, speed
-put on light, gas
-put out fire, light, cigarette
-put out products
-put sb up
-put rent, prices up
-put up with sth
-put two and two together
-put the blame on sb
to learn (of, about sth) by heart
to teach (taught) (sb to do sth)
to read (read) (aloud)
to write (wrote, written)
85 to sleep (slept) badly, well, soundly
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to ask (for sth)
to answer sb (a question) -the door, the phone
to begin (began, begun) (at, from, with)
to start
to imagine (sb doing sth)
to believe sb, sth (in)
to borrow sth from
-to happen (to sb)
to marry sb (be married to sb)
to win (the match, game, war)
to behave (well, badly, properly)
-Behave yourself!
,
to cut (cut) into
to climb sth
to drive (drove, driven) (madly, carefully)
to ride (rode, ridden)
to dress
to rise (rose, risen)
to raise sth
to wear (wore, worn) sth
to keep (kept) (animals, money)
-on doing sth
-sb down
to hold (held) (on)
to change
to miss sb, sth
to die (of, from)
to remember
to remind (sb of)
to enter sth
to introduce sb to sb
to enjoy sth
to turn (on, off)
to recognize sb
to receive
to break (broke, broken) (with sb, down sth)
to present sth to sb\ sb with sth
to care about, for,
to shake (shook, shaken) (with cold, fear)
to tremble
to improve
to correct
125 to interrupt
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to wake sb (up)
to quarrel (with, because of)
to fail (at)
to draw (drew, drawn)
to paint
to follow sb
to beat (beat, beaten)
to strike (struck"
to hit (hit)
to kiss
to need sth
to repeat
to shine (shone)
to smoke
to advise
to cook
to swim (swam, swum)
to earn (one's living)
to hide (hid, hidden)
to conceal sth from
to bite (bit, bitten)
to belong to sb
to lie (lay, lain)
to lie to sb
to lay (laid) (the table)
to pass sth, sb
to forgive (forgave, forgiven)sb for
to excuse sb
to arrive at, in
to forbid (forbade, forbidden) sb to do
to discuss sth with
to feed (fed) sb on
to hope (for the best)
to hurry to
to invite sb to
to join (sb)
to jump at
to lock
to move (in, out)
to plant (sth with)
to promise sth to sb
to repair
to fix
169 to return (sth to sb)
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to lead (led) (sb to)
to mention sth to sb
to mind sth, ing
to pour
to punish (sb for)
to appoint sb sth
to occur to sb
to explore
to consult sb
to differ from
to distinguish (between, sth from)
to bore sb, sth (with questions)
to face sth
to complete
to blow (blew, blown)
to persuade sb to do
to convince sb of
to damage
to destroy
to depend on
to create
to deliver
to protect sb from
to defend
to attend sth
to act
to trust (sb with)
to respect sb
to stare at
to stretch
to settle in
to divide (sth between, among)
to (dis)obey sb
to cough
to sneeze
to continue (to do, doing)
to compare sth with
to type
to mean (meant)
to pull
to push
to fill (sth with
to praise sb for
to apologize to sb for sth
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to steal (stole, stolen)
to rob (sb of sth)
to spoil
to save (sb from)
to prefer (sth to sth)
to expect (sth from)
to drop sth
to attract (sb with, by)
to fight (fought)
to struggle for, against, with
to hate (sb for)
to hurt (hurt)
to trouble (sb with)
to worry about
to agree with, to, on
to refuse ( from sth, to do sth)
to explain sth to sb
to describe sth to sb
to impress sb with
to express sth
to arrange
to treat sb (sb to sth, sb for sth)
to announce
o part with
to suit sb
to fit sb
to touch
to collect
to gather
to surprise sb with, by
to point at
to serve
to guess
to pack
to afford sth, to do sth
to seem to sb
to smell (of)
to taste (good, bad)
to sound
to burn (burnt)
to realize
to puzzle sb with
to tear (tore, torn)
257 to offer sth to, to do sth
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lo warn sb of, about
to accept
to ease
to step (back, aside, forward)
to identify
to tie (sb with)
to cure sb of
to pour
to chat
to breathe (in, out)
to book
to excite \thrill\
to add (sth to)
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to suggest sth, ING
to sink (sank, sunk)
to bear (bore, born)
to complain of, about, to sb
to discover
to amuse (sb with)
to entertain
to manage sth, to do
to regard sb as
to allow (sth, sb to do)
to deny sth, ING
to encourage sb to do
to confirm
to involve sb in
to train
to promote sb
287 to deal with
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to cost, to play, to see, to keep, to understand, to watch, to get, to come, to write, to read, to take, to make, to cook, to accept, to have, to need, to sell, to work, to do, to change, to believe, to wear, to look, to live, to use, to belong, to wake (up), to hurt, to agree, to matter, to leave, to try, to fit, to arrive, to point, to cook, to wait, to realize, to buy, to save, to allow, to enjoy, to plan, to stay, to give, to ask, to warn, to mention, to cross, to behave.
to pay, to feel, to find, to teach, to think, to listen, to eat, to walk, to recognize, to cut (down on), to meet, to miss, to bathe, to lose, to disturb, to damage, to build, to drink, to put, to learn, to sleep, to install, to pass, to water, to turn, to climb, to carry, to clean, to shut, to open, to hear, to rise, to know, to love, to finish, to dance, to arrange, to lie, to catch, to forget, to worry, to refuse, to go, to fall, to spend, to happen, to answer, to begin, to start, to win (100 глаголов).
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