Методические указания для студентов факультета экономики и менеджмента очно-заочной формы обучения
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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ФАКУЛЬТЕТА ЭКОНОМИКИ И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА ОЧНО-ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ Составитель: А. А. Вербин Федеральное агентство по образованию Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ДИЗАЙНА» Кафедра иностранных языков АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ФАКУЛЬТЕТА ЭКОНОМИКИ И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА ОЧНО-ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ Составитель: А. А. Вербин Санкт-Петербург 2007 Рекомендовано на заседании кафедры от 31.08.2007, протокол № 1 Рецензент И. Ф. Григоренко Цель данных методических указаний – на основе текстов по экономике, а также сопутствующих им упражнений изложить грамматику, предусмотренную программными требованиями курса английского языка для студентов факультета экономики и менеджмента очно-заочной формы обучения. Оригинал подготовлен составителем и печатается в авторской редакции. Подписано в печать Формат 60х84/16. Печать трафаретная. Усл. печ. л. 2.2 Тираж 150 экз. Заказ Отпечатано в типографии СПГУТД 191028, Санкт-Петербург, Моховая, 26 АННОТАЦИЯ к методическим указаниям Вербина А.А. «АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ФАКУЛЬТЕТА ЭКОНОМИКИ И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА ОЧНО-ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ» (подготовлено Вербиным А.А.) Цель рецензируемых методических указаний – на основе текстов по экономике, а также сопутствующих им упражнений изложить грамматику, предусмотренную программными требованиями курса английского языка для студентов факультета экономики и менеджмента очно-заочной формы обучения. Методические указания состоят из десяти уроков с сопутствующими упражнениями, а также раздела «Дополнительные упражнения», цель которых дать дополнительный материал студентам для закрепления наиболее сложных разделов грамматики. Методические указания основаны на хорошо подобранных текстах. Тексты взяты из современных монографий по экономике, изданных в последние два-три года в англоязычных странах. В методических указаниях имеется достаточный объем упражнений, ориентированных на развитие техники перевода и разговорных навыков. Методические указания составлены в соответствии с программными требованиями курса английского языка для студентов факультета экономики и менеджмента очно-заочной формы обучения. LESSON 1 TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE 1. Make sentences in the Active Voice using these expressions.
2. Open the brackets.
3. Make sentences with these verbs and adverbials.
4. Translate the text. A TRIP TO LONDON Alexander is a student from St. Petersburg. He studies at the University of this city. He is a third-year student and his future specialty is economics. Alexander is going to London for a year on a student-exchange. That is he is going to study at London University for a year, and a student from London will come to St. Petersburg University. Yesterday for long hours Alexander was collecting the documents necessary for the trip. By 4 p.m. he had collected all of them. Now all of them are ready, but there is a lot of work to do at home before his departure. Now he and his friend are selecting the books and dictionaries that will be of much help for him in London. And his mother is ironing his shirts at the kitchen. Tomorrow morning he will be packing his luggage. His parents and friends will go to the airport to see him off. They will be leaving home at 9 o’clock as his plane will take off at 12 sharp. It will take them nearly one hour to get to the airport, and they must be at the airport two hours before the take-off. This time tomorrow Alexander will be flying over Europe on his way to London. By 16.00 tomorrow he will have arrived at Heathrow, the main London airport. Then he will take a bus in order to go to the central London. From there he will take another bus and will go to London University. Alexander has never been to London, so he will make use of every opportunity to see the main sights of central London as soon as possible. Later on he will visit places a bit farther out – Hampstead, Hampton Court and Greenwich – on a day or half-day trips by bus and underground. Alexander is eager to go to London because he wants to get acquainted with the way of life in advanced industrial countries. He knows that there are a lot of people in Russia who are sure that the economy there is in good shape and makes people there more and more prosperous. But recently he came across an article in the London paper The Guardian related to a poll of the state of mind of the Europeans about their economy. To the question: Do you believe that the world will become more or less prosperous? 49% of people in the Western Europe answered “Less” and 22% answered “More”, while in the Eastern Europe the answer was: 16% -- “Less” and 49% -- “More”. That is unlike those who live in the Eastern Europe the Westerners have rather skeptical view of the state of the economy of their countries. 5. Answer the questions 1. Where does Alexander study? 2. What does he study? 3. Why is he going to London? 4. What was he doing yesterday? 5. Has he collected all the necessary documents? 6. What will he be doing this time tomorrow? 7. By what time will he have arrived to London? 8. What will he do after his arrival? 9. What kind of the city transport will he take to go to central London? 10. Has he ever been to London? 11. Does he read British newspapers? 12. What story has he come across recently? 13. What is it about? 6. Look at this grammatical pattern and translate the expressions Leisure time = свободного времени Street traffic = уличное движение Ozone hole = озоновая дыра Ozone hole extension = расширение озоновой дыры
LESSON 2 PASSIVE VOICE 1. Examine carefully the way the sentences are transformed into the passive voice. 1. John attends the University classes daily. 2. The University classes are attended by John daily. 3. Now he is attending a lecture on history. 4. A lecture on history is being attended by him. 5. They constructed this plant last year. 6. This plant was constructed last year 7. She will invite him to her birthday party. 8. He will be invited to her birthday party. 9. John has taken his first exam. 10. The first exam has been taken by John successfully. 2. Now transform the following sentences into the passive voice.
3. Make sentences in the Passive Voice using these expressions.
4. Translate the text. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services. Goods are either produced in the agricultural sector (like milk, vegetable, fruit) or manufactured at plants and factories (like pen, paper, and cars). Services are such things as education, medicine, and commerce. They are provided by people who are called employees. Some people provide goods, some provide services. Some other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage a car can be bought or some service can be obtained in order to maintain this car or to repair it. The work people do in exchange for payment is called economic activity. The economic system of a town, of a city, of a country, of the world is made up of all economic activities together of these respective communities. Countries differ in their economic activities. The work people undertake either provides them with what they need or provide the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services, which are non-essential, but which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like books, visits to the cinema, trips, etc. There are two extreme forms of economic arrangements of the economic activity: privately owned economy and State-owned one. The former is often called as ‘free market economy’; the latter is associated with the term ‘command economy’. This type of economy dominated in the former socialist countries. If complete freedom of economic activity is allowed this can create difficulties, because the freedoms of various individuals or individual companies often conflict. Laws have been created to regulate economic activity, and they are concerned with working conditions, worker’s health, wages, pensions, and location of places of work. Even in the most dedicated free enterprise systems, such as the USA, a need for some degree of State control of the economy has been felt. Some developing countries are interested in control and log-term planning. Such countries as India have a number of plans to guide the economy. They are enacted by the government. Such systems where both private and public sectors coexist are often called as countries with mixed economy. 6. Answer the questions.
7. Examine carefully the following sentences.
LESSON 3 MODAL VERBS 1. Study carefully the following. 1
1. Сфера применения этой машины должна быть расширена. 2. Мы должны внедрить эту машину на нашей фабрике.
2 1. He can complete this work alone.
1. Он может завершить эту работу один.
3 1. You may introduce your innovation in our company.
4. Translate the following sentences. 1. We have to use the latest innovations.
5. Translate the text PRODUCTION Production is the means whereby resources are organized to produce the goods and services which people require for the satisfaction of their wants. In today’s world an increasing number of people are employed in the service industries such as banking, leisure, finance and administration, rather than in the manufacturing sector. In order to achieve production, inputs of factors of production are to be used. The latter are divided into land, labour and capital. Land is regarded as a ‘gift of nature’. It includes any valuable mineral deposits. It is also the basic space requirements within which factories may be sited, foodstuffs can be grown, or services can be provided. Labour constitutes an essential element in all forms of production. It represents all forms human effort, manual and mental, skilled or unskilled which people must deploy. Capital, in economic terms, may be defined as goods which can be used to produce other goods. Property such as factory buildings, machinery and raw materials are all forms of capital which are used in the process of production. Production activities must be remunerated or paid. The main forms of payment to employees are wages and salary. Wages are usually paid as a certain sum of money per hour to manual workers, while a salary is a fixed sum, which may be paid monthly to non-manual staff. As for wages they are usually paid on a basic time rate, often agreed by negotiations between trade unions and management. Pay is expressed as an hourly rate. In addition, there may be supplements, such as overtime payments, danger money or dirty money for work in exceptional circumstances. A salary is usually expressed as a fixed annual sum, and it is not usual to supplement it, although certain additional benefits may be provided. These are called ‘fringe benefits’ or ‘perks’. They are normally benefits of goods or services such as a company car, membership of a private health scheme, or a company’s own pension fund. In order to attract right people to a job a firm may offer help removal expenses or to provide a low-interest mortgage for house purchase. Recently profit sharing has become popular in recruiting and keeping staff. The CEOs, chief executive officers, are paid very high salaries. Their annual income, that is, salaries and perks can amount to numerous millions of dollars. We are informed by the Journal of Institutional Investor, an American publication of June 30, 2006, that J. Simon, the top-manager of the Renaissance Technology collected $1.5 billions in 2005, while his colleague from B.P.Capital Management Т.Pickens made $1.4 billion. It should be emphasized that these huge incomes produced public outcry among the shareholders of the respective companies. A number of Congressmen even introduced a bill against this kind of abuse. 6. Answer the questions 1. What is the difference between wages and salaries? 2. What is paid to manual workers? 3. Who earns salaries? 4. What is the way salary is defined? 5. What is the synonym for payment? 6. What is meant under the term ‘fringe benefits’? 7. Is ‘fringe benefits’ the same as ‘perks’? 8. What sums of money are collected by the top-managers of big companies? 9. Are they justified? 10. What was the reaction of the shareholders? 7. Transform these sentences into the passive voice.
15.You must use a good dictionary if you want to translate this text successfully. LESSON 4 COMPLEX SENTENCES Conjunctions As soon as - как только When - когда While - в то время как Before -до того как Until - перед тем как After - после того как Although - хотя Because - так как, потому что If - если Unless - если … не Whether (… or not) – ли … (или нет) 1. Translate the following.
2. Translate the text. |
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