Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов II курса

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Название	Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов II курса
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Тип	Учебное пособие

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(From Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford University Press, 2004.)

Step V

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (9)
56. Open the brackets using the correct forms of the Infinitive.

1. Angela sat on a bench trying to pretend she didn’t want ____________ (to skate) and was quite pleased _____________ (to sit) there and ______________ (to watch) others ___________ (to skate). 2. Edna said she would love to come and was simply delighted _______________ (to ask) for a date. 3. You must go and see the show. You will be sorry later _______________ (to miss) it. 4. Waltzing with Harry Linda smiled at her father. She was delighted _________________ (to dance) the whole evening. 5. Bill heard the nasty words but he didn’t seem ______________ (to hurt). 6. Winchester is known _______________ (to be) the capital of England during the reign of Alfred the Great. 7. Fred happened ______________ (to stand) at the window when he heard a powerful blow. 8. The hurricane was reported ______________ (to destroy) two villages on the southern coast and ________________ (to move) east. 9. The stranger seemed _______________ (to study) Jane and she felt uneasy. 10. You needn’t tell me this. I happen _______________ (to give) all the necessary instructions by the manager. 11. In Victorian families children were expected ______________ (to see), not _______________ (to hear). 12. The will was believed _________________ (to lose) until it happened ________________ (to find) in the secret drawer of Grandfather’s desk. It appeared __________________ (to lie) there since the memorable day of the quarrel. 13. Joan’s new detective novel is likely _____________ (to appear) on sale pretty soon. It is sure _____ _________ (to sell) like hot cakes and _______________ (to sell out) in no time. 14. The jurors were made ______________ (to understand) that the accused was a menace to society. 15. There still remained decisions _____________ (to take) and Colin was the very man _____________ (to take) them. 16. The police made Greg _____________ (to admit) that he had seen Charlie _____________ (to climb) out of the window and _____________ (to run) in the direction of the railway station.

57. a) Paraphrase the sentences below using the words given in brackets.

The soaring number of working mothers is having a devastating impact on society. (to seem)
The knock-on effects of women choosing to pursue careers, rather than raise children and look after elderly relatives, are ‘enormous’, says Professor Alison Wolf of King’s College London. (according to/to appear)
In the past, the life of a typical woman after marriage and childbearing, regardless of her class background, centred on the home. (to be certain)
While her husband worked, she would bring up their young family, care for elderly relatives and often do charity work linked to the church and community. (to be usual for)
Now, on average, women spend just four minutes a day doing voluntary work, with millions devoting no time at all to good causes. (to know)
Families have always been central to the care of the old and sick, as well as raising the next generation. (to consider)
The traditional housewife is increasingly rare, with only one in ten mothers staying at home to look after their family, official figures revealed last week. (to report)
A governmental report reveals that seventy per cent of women now have jobs. More than half of mothers with children under the age of five are in full-time or part-time employment. (to report/to turn out)
Many of these seek high-flying jobs, big salaries and a rapid rise up the career ladder. (to be likely)
Working outside the home gives a woman a sense of her own personal identity and self-confidence. A woman who stays at home will always be referred to as ‘John’s wife’ and not as a person in her own right. (to suppose/to be sure)
Working mothers argue that their children often learn to be independent from an early age which can only help them in the future. (to be likely)
A working mother usually has to look after both the children and home in her spare time, so she is actually doing two jobs instead of one, which can be very tiring. (to be typical of/to turn out/to appear)
Despite the soaring numbers of women in the workplace, a recent survey found that only six per cent of working mothers actually want to work full-time. (to seem)
The rising cost of living, with soaring energy and council tax bills and big mortgage repayments (выплаты по ипотеке), is forcing many women to work. (to appear)
Professor Wolf recognizes that the majority of women do jobs, usually part-time, simply to make ends meet, and not because they want a “career”. (to turn out)
To sum up, there are many arguments for and against mothers working. Every family is different and what is good for one family may not necessarily be good for another. (to seem/to be unlikely)

b) Give arguments for and against mothers working outside the home. Use the suggested phrases:

one major (dis)advantage of… a further (dis)advantage… one point in favour of/against	in the first place first of all to start with	secondly thirdly finally
what is more… furthermore…	in addition to apart from this/that	also besides

c) Do you think society suffers while mothers are out working – or is it a positive sign of the changing expectations of women? Use the suggested phrases:

In my view/opinion

As far as I’m concerned

There is no doubt that

On the other hand

It can be argued that

Above all

All in all

All things considered

Last but not least

58. a) Open the brackets using the correct forms of the verbs.

to attain – to succeed in achieving something; attainment – something that you have succeeded in doing or having

Class divisions bar students from university

Britain is considered ________________ (1 – to be) less class-ridden in the 1950s than they are today, as children from affluent families take the lion's share of university places and those from poorer backgrounds struggle ___________ (2 – to climb) the career ladder, according to an authoritative new study.

People born in the fifties are reported ____________ (3 – to be) more likely _____________ (4 – to escape) their parents' class than those born in the seventies. The report, which compares parents' and children's incomes over time, finds that equality of opportunity in Britain _____________ (5 – to decline) and reveals the barriers holding back children who start at the bottom.

Education _______________ (6 – to become) increasingly important for success in the workplace – but the benefits of the expansion of universities since the late eighties are believed _____________ (7 – to go) disproportionately to the rich.

Between the early 1980s and late 1990s, the proportion of children from the richest quarter of families who ______________ (8 – to complete) a degree by the age of 23 shot up, from 20 per cent to almost half. Over the same period, the number of graduates among the poorest quarter of families is reported ________________ (9 – to creep up) from 6 per cent to just 9 per cent.

This disproportion ______________ (10 – to blame) on the move from maintenance grants, concentrated on the poorest families, to student loans. In recent decade support appears _____________________ (11 – to shift) from the least affluent to more affluent students. So it’s perhaps no surprise that the expansion ________________________ (12 – to benefit) those from more affluent backgrounds. The equivalent ability kids from poorer backgrounds are not going to university.

This fresh evidence that social mobility ___________________ (13 – to decline) echoes concerns within government that widening income inequality _______________ (14 – to have) damaging social effects. Commenting on the government’s education policies, which promise equality of opportunity for children from all backgrounds, the report says: ‘The strength of the relationship between educational attainment and family income, especially for access to higher education, is at the heart of Britain’s low-mobility culture.’

(After Heather Stewart, The Observer, 2005)

b) Discuss the problem raised in the article:

the impact of social background on access to university education in Britain and in your country;
the role of education in achieving success in the workplace
the impact of low mobility culture on the country’s economic and scientific competitiveness

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