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Вариант №2 Раздел 1. Аудирование
A. This sport is played both by professionals and amateurs. B. This sport is played indoors and does not require special skills. C. This is still very male-dominated sport. D. This sport attracts the biggest crowds in the USA and has specific rules. E. This sport is popular with those who want to follow modern trends. F. This sport is practised by adventurous and dynamic people. G. This sport has great appeal because it is available to everyone.
Jane and her husband are used to having the radio on all day.
Peter’s wife is keen on the school broadcasts and never misses one.
Jane listens to all kinds of concerts.
Jane’s husband prefers watching TV because it helps him to do any kind of work.
Many people in the neighbourhood are fond of listening to the radio.
Jane usually turns the radio on to know the weather forecast.
There is hardly any advertising on the radio.
Genie G loves her job mostly because 1) it has something to do with music. 2) her workplace is in Paris. 3) she enjoys herself at work.
According to Genie G, people she works with 1) have musical education. 2) have a talent for music. 3) create a good working atmosphere.
Genie G learned to speak good French because 1) she is a university graduate. 2) she lives in a French-speaking country. 3) she is good at learning languages.
When Genie G first came to France, 1) she had a difficult time. 2) she didn’t talk to French people. 3) she enjoyed going sightseeing.
What Genie G likes about Paris is that 1) she can take long walks there. 2) there are a lot of museums in Paris. 3) she can admire the architecture of Paris.
What she dislikes about Paris is that 1) she can’t work in the daytime. 2) she has to get up very late. 3) working hours in Paris are not very convenient for her.
It can be understood from the interview that Genie G 1) doesn’t want to go back to America. 2) is satisfied with her life and work in Paris. 3) has no choice but to work in Paris .
Раздел 2. Чтение
A. What was it really like to be a cowboy? Well, for one thing, it was one of the dirtiest jobs, most tiring, and least rewarding jobs in nineteenth-century America: 18 hours a day on the back of a horse, 7 days a week, sometimes starting the cattle drive in the spring and reaching the market in autumn. All of the territory west of the Rocky Mountains was his home. The sky was the roof over his head, and the bare ground was his bed. The cowboy was, some say, half-human and half-horse. He almost had to be – if he wanted to make a living in those days. B. Their territory was what was called in those days "the big country", the Great Plains. It was thinly inhabited, and those who read about it, were not of it. To them it was a far-off country that was still near and real, in which strange men, the most daring of their own kind, rode into adventures every day – and whose very occupation itself was an adventure. The Great Plains covered one and one-third million square miles. This was the land where the sky overflowed, where a man could sit on his horse and gaze for miles and not see a fence or a tree. The whole territory was a challenge to a man, a place to grow into a man. C. The cowboy never fought the cattle. He was too busy fighting the elements most of the time. There were no trees to protect him from the elements, and most cowboys didn't even have a raincoat or any other thing that might have protected him from the elements. When it wasn't raining and the sun was shining, it was usually too hot to be outdoors. He'd have to cross treacherous quicksand or flooded rivers. Dust, the blistering sun, pouring rain, and snow blizzards were the lesser dangers. The cowboy feared most the buffaloes that would attack his cattle. D. The cattle were in the South and the beef markets in the North, in cow towns like Dodge City and Wichita. And the cattle had to be taken there slowly, so they'd be fat and healthy when they got there. This was one of the first things the cowboy had to learn. The cowboys didn't know how to read or write, but those things were not important and their work didn't demand such talents. His work called for other qualities. They knew everything there is to know about a cow, its psychology and instincts. E. He could do many things well, this American cowboy, but it may be that what he did best of all was ride a horse. The cowboy called his mount a mustang, a cow pony – but whatever he called it, his horse was his love and his life: it was transportation, workbench, and very often an extra set of brains that would occasionally pull him out of trouble. He talked to his horse as he would talk to a close friend: he'd tell him all his secrets, thoughts, and ambitions. Next to his horse, the gun was the cowboy's best friend – be it a Colt or a Winchester rifle. F. If you had been there, in those days, this is what you would have seen: a big herd of cattle moving slowly along a hot and dusty trail. But, whatever the time of year, you'd see range cows, calves, steers turn this way and that, some of them stray outward from the sides of the herd. Sunburned men in big hats, riding horses as though they were part of them – shouting and yelling at the cattle, to keep them under control, driving a four-dollar cow to the market. "Walking them to money," they called it. G. He had to shoot to defend himself, and sing to keep himself company when he was thinking of the girl he might have married. The cowboy couldn't marry, though, for that meant settling down and plowing the fields — and that he just couldn't do. He preferred the ride along dusty trails, the rain, and the wind, to the safety of a farm. Only at night, when the sky was his roof and the stars shone, he'd unpack his guitar, sit cross-legged next to the fire, and sing of the girl he left behind – songs that are now part of the American heritage.
The sequoia trees are the oldest living things in the world. Millions of years ago, in the age of dinosaurs, they grew in large forests throughout much of the world. There were many kinds of sequoias but most of them disappeared during the Ice Age. Today, there are only two kinds of the sequoia tree A ______________________________ , and one of them, the giant sequoia, can be found only in the north of California. The name sequoia comes from the name of an American Indian, Sequoyah, B ______________________________ . No one knows C ______________________________ . Many trees in Sequoia National Park, in California, are more than 3,000 years old. Before a law was passed that protected sequoias D ______________________________ , one of the oldest and largest of them was chopped down. The growth ring at the centre of this giant sequoia dated back to 1305 ВС. This fact actually means that E ______________________________ ! One of the biggest sequoias in Sequoia National Park and in the whole world is the General Sherman tree. It is 83.8 metres high, and the diameter of its trunk is 31.4 metres – wider than an average city street. Scientists say, the trunk F ______________________________ ! Sequoias are very durable. None of these trees has died from old age or disease yet. The bark of the tree has a special tannin or juice. This protects the tree from fire and insects. However, lightning often destroys the tops of the largest sequoia trees. Today, these rare and remarkable trees are protected. It is illegal to cut them down. Great care is taken to avoid any injury to the trees. 1. who invented a written alphabet for his tribe. 2. it was more than a thousand years old at the time of the birth of Christ. 3. weighs nearly 1,385 tons. 4. left on our planet. 5. how long a sequoia can live. 6. which is protected by law. 7. from being cut.
The Fun They Had Margie even wrote about it that night in her diary. On the page headed May 17, 2155, she wrote: 'Today Tommy found a real book!' It was a very old book. Margie's grandfather once said that when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all the books had words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to — on a screen. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly. And then, when they turned back to the page before, it had the same words on it that it had when they read it the first time. Margie was eleven and hadn't seen as many tele-books as Tommy had. He was thirteen. She said, 'Where did you find it?' 'In the attic in my house.' 'What's it about?' 'School.' Margie was scornful. 'School? What's there to write about school? I hate school.' The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother sent for the County Inspector. He was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires. He took the teacher apart. Margie had hoped he wouldn't know how to put it together again, but he knew how all right and, after an hour or so, there it was again, large and black and ugly with a big screen on which all the lessons werе shown and the questions were asked. That wasn't so bad. The part she hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She always had to write them out in a punch code they made her learn when she was six years old, and the mechanical teacher calculated the mark in no time. The inspector smiled after he was finished and patted her head. He said to her mother, 'It's not the little girl's fault, Mrs Jones. I think the geography sector was geared a little too quick. Those things happen sometimes. I've slowed it up to an average ten-year level. Actually, the overall pattern of her progress is quite satisfactory.' And he patted Margie's head again. Margie was disappointed. So she said to Tommy, 'Why would anyone write about school?' Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes. 'Because it's not our kind of school, stupid. This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago. They had a teacher, but it wasn't a regular teacher. It was a man.' 'A man? How could a man be a teacher?' 'Well, he just told the boys and girls things and gave them homework and asked them questions.' 'A man isn't smart enough.' 'Sure he is. My father knows as much as my teacher.' 'He can't. A man can't know as much as a teacher. And I wouldn't want a strange man in my house to teach me'. Tommy screamed with laughter. 'You don't know much, Margie. The teachers didn't live in the house. They had a special building and all the kids went there.' Margie went into the schoolroom. It was right next to her bedroom, and the mechanical teacher was on and waiting for her. She was thinking about the old school they had when her grandfather's grandfather was a little boy. All the kids learned the same things so they could help one another with the homework and talk about it. (after Isaac Asimov)
Margie hated school because 1) she was a lazy girl. 2) she was not very smart. 3) the teacher gave her too much homework to do. 4) she was not happy with the way her teacher looked.
What was Margie’s idea of a ‘real book’? 1) It had words printed on paper. 2) It was musty and covered with dust. 3) It was read by her grandfather. 4) It was always kept in the attic.
What was Margie’s attitude to her mechanical teacher? 1) She was afraid of him. 2) She took him for granted. 3) She considered him funny. 4) She thought he was very cruel.
What was the inspector’s job? 1) To repair mechanical teachers. 2) To make sure that children work in the correct way. 3) To advise parents how to teach their children. 4) To cheer up children when they are distressed.
Margie was against human teachers because 1) they were too emotional. 2) they couldn’t give her individual attention. 3) they didn’t have as much knowledge as a mechanical teacher. 4) she was shy with them.
What did Tommy think of Margie? 1) He thought highly of her. 2) He looked down on her. 3) He considered her light-minded. 4) He thought she liked to argue.
It can be understood from the story that Margie 1) was not interested in the old school. 2) thought the old school was outdated. 3) did not respect the old school. 4) was curious about the old school.
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