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Вариант №5 Раздел 1. Аудирование
A. Global warming and green-house effect. B. Hazardous garbage of cities. C. Role of man in natural disasters. D. Dangerous effect of acid rains. E. Extinction caused by man. F. Animal extinction in the North. G. Hazards of air pollution.
The woman who speaks 10 languages does not come from France.
She is a native English speaker.
Emily needs French for her professional activities.
Japanese might be useful in the electronics industry.
Studying any subject is much easier than learning a foreign language.
Arabic seems to be rather simple to learn and understand.
Emily is ready to help Brian in learning German.
The food of the future is sure to 1) have more healthy ingredients. 2) have more harmful chemicals. 3) contain too many calories.
Researchers find new ways of producing the food because 1) the land is polluted. 2) the producers compete with each other. 3) the food industry undergoes radical change.
Tomatoes of the next century will 1) spoil very fast. 2) contain more vitamins. 3) be more durable.
Scientists have discovered how to 1) grow tomatoes in the lab. 2) make tomato products without tomato plants. 3) cultivate tomatoes in different areas.
This new technology can help people 1) do without tomatoes and tomato products. 2) grow tomatoes in bottles instead of farmlands. 3) diversify the taste of tomato products.
Very soon, people will be able to make tomato soup from 1) tomato cells. 2) fresh tomatoes. 3) a mixture of cells and fresh tomatoes.
New kind of agriculture means that vegetables are grown 1) without water. 2) in the rich soil. 3) in new food factories .
Раздел 2. Чтение
A. Long before the dawn of written history the Moon was paid much attention to by man who was interested and attracted by the presence in the sky of a planet so close to the Earth that the distance can be measured in thousands of kilometers, all the other figures being millions, billions and trillions. With the passage of time man began to note that the Moon went through several phases succeeding one another with perfect regularity. The earlier calendars offered were lunar calendars, each month beginning on a new moon. That influenced dividing the year into 12 months, their names being given by the Romans. B. As the Moon orbits the earth, its shape appears to change. At the time of the full moon, we can see a bright white circle. At the time of the new moon, we can see only a small part. Most people think that the moon is white, although it is dark grey. We think that it is white because it reflects sunlight. In the Middle Ages, the Moon was supposed to have a smooth crystalline surface like a mirror. However, in1609, with the help of the first little telescope this conception was put an end to by Galileo who thought that he saw mountains and valleys on the Moon. Today the view of the Moon is obtained with the help of a series of automatic stations. C. Recent research suggests that just as the Moon’s gravity affects the seas, causing high and low tides, it also affects people. The research shows how our behavior changes during the period from the full moon to the next and it concerns health issues, crime, accidents and our diet. The number of people who visit their doctor increases by 3.6 percent during the full moon period. A study in Florida shows an increase in crime with more murders and violent attacks occurring around the full moon. The highest number of road accidents happens two days before the full moon. Research shows that the Moon even affects our diet. We eat eight percent more food at the time of the full moon, compared with the new moon. D. One thing man has come to know for sure is that the Moon is not made of green cheese. It consists of the same chemical elements as other bodies in the solar system. The Moon is almost devoid of carbon, so necessary for living things on the Earth, and the makeup of its atmosphere is quite different. But in some other ways it is more like the Earth than many scientists thought. Photos and panoramas show that the Moon’s surface is not smooth, with many hills and cavities like volcanic craters. Like the Earth, the Moon has layers, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below. The lunar ground seems to be firm enough, though rocks from the Moon show that they were once melted. E. Living on zero gravity means doing lots of things differently. First of all, you can forget about having a nice hot shower in the morning, as the water droplets would simply float away. Astronauts have to use a vacuum hose to wash with. Also, when muscles don’t have to work against gravity as they do here on Earth, they go soft. So the residents of the International Space Station actually spend 2 hours a day working out on exercises bikes and rowing machines. When it comes to sleeping, there’s no need for a bedroom! The astronauts could sleep anywhere, but they can’t risk bumping into any computer controls so they strap themselves into a sleeping bag on the wall. F. Men have recognized Mars since the 16th century. It is a relatively nearby planet not so unlike our own. The fourth planet from the sun and Earth’s closest neighbour, Mars has been the subject of modern scientists’ careful examination with powerful telescopes, deep space probes, and orbiting spacecraft. In 1976, Earth-bound scientists were brought significantly closer to their subject of investigation when two Viking landers touched down on that red soil. The possibility of life on Mars, clues to the evolution of the solar system, fascination with the chemistry, geology, and meteorology of another planet – these were considerations that led the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to Mars. G. President Kennedy’s proposal in May 1961 that the United States should send a man to the moon was welcomed by politicians and the American people. Soon work had begun on the Apollo program, as the project was named. The Apollo 11 spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral on the coast of Florida. It carried three men as its crew. Five days later millions of television viewers all over the world watched Armstrong and Aldrin step down on to the surface of the moon. They spent three hours collecting rock samples. Three days later they splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
For centuries, shoes have shown a great deal about the wearer. In Ancient Rome, the type of sandals A ______________________________ showed their rank. During the reign of Louis XIV of France only red shoes could be used by the aristocracy at the King’s court. In the Middle Ages in Europe sandals were presented to the Pope as a sign of support between the Church and the State. Today’s fashionable high heels are not a modern invention. High heels were first made in the Middle Ages. Streets were narrow and very dirty B ______________________________ . To overcome the problem of walking through the rubbish, people wore high heels or platform shoes, both soon becoming quite common. Shoes are mentioned in folk stories, old customs and traditions. Long ago, throwing an old shoe at someone C ______________________________ bringing someone good luck. In Anglo-Saxon marriages, the bride’s father delivered her shoe to the bridegroom D ______________________________ to show he owned her. In China high-ranking ladies would have their feet bound to make them as small as possible. Small feet were considered to be a sign of great beauty. From a very early age, young girls would have their feet bound up tightly. As young ladies they would squeeze their feet into shoes E ______________________________ . Shoes also appear in many stories, fairy tales and songs. For Cinderella a small glass slipper led her to her Prince Charming, F ______________________________ from her fairy godmother! And more recently, Elvis Presley sang about his Blue Suede Shoes. 1. since people threw their rubbish out into the streets 2. the colour of the shoes 3. that were only three or four inches long 4. with a little help 5. worn by the soldiers 6. who touched the bride’s forehead with it 7. was considered to be an ancient way of
The face of Judas Nobody knows where the story has come from. It tells us about a well-known artist who gave his whole life to his art. It is said that his last picture was a real masterpiece. Everybody knew with what enthusiasm the great painter worked at his picture. At first he easily found many models to pose for him and at last the picture was almost finished except for the most important figures: Christ and Judas. The painter missed models for them and looked for them everywhere but could not find a suitable face for a very long time. It was either not noble enough for Christ or not ugly for Judas. But once while he was walking along the street, he happened to meet a boy whose face struck him: his hair was dark, his nose was straight, his blue eyes shone under long eyelashes. It was the face of an angel though the boy looked miserable with his dirty clothes on and bare feet. The painter took the boy to his place and several weeks later the figure of Christ appeared on the canvas. It was splendid and all who saw it wondered where the painter could find the model with such beautiful features. But the painter still had no model for Judas. Many men with ugly faces were ready to serve him, but neither of them could satisfy the artist. Years passed on and the painter became very old. He almost lost his last hope of finishing the picture, as he was old and no medicine could do him any good. Once he was sitting in a little tavern over his daily glass of wine. It was a sad autumn day, it was raining and the wind was blowing. Suddenly the door opened and a man appeared. The artist looked at him and was surprised. It was difficult to imagine how ugly the man was. His face was blue with cold. He stretched his dirty trembling hands and whispered:” Wine! Wine!” and fell down. The artist rushed to him. To his delight he saw the real face of Judas. He helped him to his feet and promised to give him much wine and everything he wanted for posing for Judas. The artist began working at once, but he noticed that a strange change happened to the beggar. The ugly man was looking at the picture in horror. The painter asked: “What is the matter with you, my son? Tell me, I think you are suffering greatly.” The man looked at him. His bloodshot eyes filled with tears. Then he answered in a low voice: “Haven’t you recognized me? I served you as a model for Christ.” (after S. Leacock)
A well-known artist couldn’t finish his masterpiece because 1) he didn’t have enough money. 2) he couldn’t find a suitable landscape. 3) he couldn’t find models for the figures of Christ and Judas. 4) there were too many people who resembled Christ and Judas.
The painter was amazed to see that 1) the boy was extremely unhappy. 2) the boy’s face was angelic. 3) the boy was alone in the street. 4) the boy was miserable and dirty.
Everybody who saw the picture admired it because 1) this masterwork had bright colours. 2) the model was quite different from Christ. 3) the painter reflected his own mood. 4) the face was very beautiful.
The artist lost any hope to finish the picture because 1) he couldn’t paint any longer. 2) he didn’t want to spend his time on this work. 3) there were too many models to choose from. 4) none of the models for Judas satisfied him.
Sitting in a little tavern the artist 1) was thinking about his life. 2) saw an ugly man with trembling hands. 3) was thinking about the gloomy autumn day. 4) was reading a newspaper.
The painter promised to help the beggar because 1) he wanted this man to be the model for his picture. 2) he felt sorry for the man. 3) the beggar looked like his old friend. 4) he had never seen such a man in his life.
The beggar began to cry because 1) he didn’t want to be painted. 2) he suffered from poverty. 3) the painter had not recognized him. 4) the weather was awful. |
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